基于线粒体Cty b基因的西藏马鹿种群遗传多样性研究  

Population genetic diversity in Tibet red deer(Cervus elaphus wallichi) revealed by mitochondrial Cty b gene analysis

作　　者：刘艳华[1] 张明海[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第7期1976-1981,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30870309);国家林业局项目

摘　　要：西藏马鹿(Cervus elaphus wallichi)为我国特有物种,仅分布在西藏东南部的桑日县,目前关于西藏马鹿的研究报道很少。因此,深入了解西藏马鹿各地理单元内种群的遗传变异,可以制定保护管理策略提供依据,进而使其种群得到有效的保护和管理。对54个不同西藏马鹿个体(来自3个不同地点)的线粒体DNA Cty b基因进行了测定和群体分析,获得了731bp的片断,并检测到24个变异位点,占分析长度的3.28%,且这24个变异位点皆为碱基置换,并未出现碱基插入或缺失的现象,并定义了14种单倍型,核苷酸多样性平均值为0.02781,种群总体遗传多样性较高。从Tajima's D和Fu and Li's D值的估算结果来看,这3个马鹿种群相对于中性进化的歧异度并没有明显的偏离(P>0.1),没有明显的证据显示这3个西藏马鹿种群间存在很强的平衡选择。分子变异分析表明3个群体间基因流(5.36>Nm>1.87)均大于1,说明这3个马鹿种群间存在着丰富的基因流,并建议将3个地区的西藏马鹿作为一个管理单元进行保护和管理。The Tibet red deer,Cervus elaphus wallichi,is a middling and primitive living member of the Cervidae family.Tibet red deer were once wildly distributed in Tibet,Sikkim,Nepal and Bhutan.However,in the last century their range and number was drastically reduced because of overhunting.In 1992,the World Wildlife Fund（WWF） announced that Tibet red deer in the wild had become extinct.Subsequently,there were very few reports of Tibet red deer in the wild.In July 2005,we investigated the distribution of Tibet red deer and discovered a population of red deer in southeast Tibet.From the body size,morphometric traits and hair color,we thought it was likely to be Tibet red deer.We collected 123 fecal samples from the red deer distribution area and analyzed the cytochrome b gene sequences from the mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） of the samples.We used BLAST（mega blast） at NCBI to identify sequences with the highest similarities（97%） and the lowest differences（3%） to the published cytB sequence,AY044861,of the Tibet red deer（Cervus elaphus wallichi）.105 samples were identified as having high sequence similarity to the red deer（Cervus elaphus wallichi） sequence.We carried out genotype analysis using eleven microsatellites to identify individuals in the 105 fecal samples and obtained 54 different genotypes.Forensic medicine criteria and the results of data analyses allow the identification of different individuals according to genotypes.On the basis of forensic medicine criteria,when the genotype is in full accord with a probability of 10-14,then we may assume that the genotype represents either one individual or identical twins. Tibet red deer is an endemic species in China.Systematic and detailed ecological research on Tibet red deer is almost nonexistent.To further understand its ecological characteristics and to effectively manage its protection,basic research is urgently required.In this study,we investigated the genetic diversity and gene flow in three Tibet red deer populations by analyzing 731 base p

关 键 词：西藏马鹿 粪便DNA Ctyb 遗传多样性 西藏 

分 类 号：S829.9[农业科学—畜牧学]