3～5岁健听儿童音位对比识别习得过程研究  

Acquisition Process of Phoneme Contrast for Children Aged 3 to 5

作　　者：刘巧云[1] 赵航[1] 陈丽[1] 黄昭鸣[1] 张梦超[1] 孙喜斌[2] 张芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学言语听觉科学教育部重点实验室,上海200062 [2]中国聋儿康复研究中心

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2011年第2期116-119,共4页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划基金资助项目(2008BAI50B02);上海市哲社规划青年基金资助项目(2009EJY002)

摘　　要：目的分析3~5岁健听儿童韵母音位对比和声母音位对比的习得过程,为听障儿童音位对比识别训练提供可靠的参考依据。方法分别选取3、4、5岁健听儿童各30名,测试韵母与声母最小音位对比的识别能力,统计音位对比的习得年龄。结果①3、4、5岁健听儿童韵母音位对比分别习得85.87%、94.57%和97.83%。相同结构、不同开口组韵母习得发育较早,4岁即已完成;相同开口不同结构组仅有1对在5岁习得;相同开口相同结构组韵母习得发展略慢,有两对在5岁后形成;前鼻音与后鼻音韵母习得较为缓慢。②3、4、5岁健听儿童声母音位对比分别习得75.86%、88.51%和96.55%。擦音与无擦音发展较早,在3岁及3岁前即已习得;送气与不送气音发展其次,在4岁完成;清辅音与浊辅音基本在4岁完成;其他组在5岁后仍有一段时间的持续发展时间。结论 3~5岁健听儿童音位对比识别习得过程有一定顺序性,较晚识别的音位对可能受言语发育和语音声学特征的共同影响,主要包括鼻韵母相关音位对比、浊辅音对比（m/nr、/l、n/rl、/r、）、p/t/k对比、f/s/h对比、c/s/ch/sh对比晚习得现象。Objective To study the acquisition process of Phoneme Contrast（PC） for children aged 3~5 to provide the reliable references for phoneme contrast training for hearing impaired children.Methods 90 children aged 3~5 are divided into three groups： 3-year-old Group,4-year-old and 5-year-old Groups.The subjects are assessed for their ability of Consonant Phoneme Contrast（CPC） and Vowel Phoneme Contrast（VPC）.Then the acquisition age of PC has been studied.Results ①Children aged 3~5 acquire VPC at 85.87%,94.57% and 97.83%,respectively.The type of VPC described as ＂the same structure with different mouth openings＂ was noted to develop early and to be completed at 4;there is only one pair of the type of VPC described as ＂the same mouth opening with different structures＂ were to be completed at 5;the type of VPC as ＂the same mouth opening and structure＂ were developed slowly and two pairs didn＇t complete the acquisition until 5;the VPC of front nasal and back nasal developed slowly.②Children aged 3~5 acquire CPC at 75.86%,88.51% and 96.55%,respectively.The CPC of fricative and unfricative developed early and were completed at 3;the CPC of aspirate and unaspirate were completed at 4;the CPC of voiceless consonant and voiced consonant were almost completed at 4;the other types of CPC continued to develop after 5 for a time.Conclusion The acquisition process of PC for children aged 3~5 were noted to be sequential,influenced by the development of speech and acoustic features of phoneme.There are pairs of PC acquired lately,including the PC of nasal vowel,the voiced consonant,[p＇]-[t＇]-[k＇],[f]-[s]-[x] and [ts＇]-[s＇]-[t＇]-[] .

关 键 词：音位对比识别 习得 声母 韵母 

分 类 号：H01[语言文字—语言学]