任务切换中切换代价产生的机制  

The Mechanism of Switch Cost in Task Switching

作　　者：黄四林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学社会发展学院心理学系,北京100081

出　　处：《应用心理学》2010年第3期257-264,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：关于任务切换中切换代价的来源和本质,目前主要有三种观点:任务设置惯性、任务设置重构和联结竞争。为揭示三者的关系,研究了在不同延迟时间条件下,预先信息与刺激类型对切换代价的影响机制。结果发现:延迟时间、预先信息和刺激类型对切换代价均有显著的作用,但是,三者之间的二次和三次交互作用均不显著。这表明,切换代价反映了任务设置惯性、任务设置重构和联结竞争三种成分,并且三者的关系是具有可加性的序列认知加工。Recently,some researches have attempted to specify the nature and origins of switch cost to uncover the mechanism underlying the task switching performance.There were three different viewpoints as to the issue：task-set inertia,task-set reconfiguration and associative competition.In order to uncover the relations of the three cognitive processes,the present study used the explicit task-cueing paradigm to investigate the effect of delay time,foreknowledge and types of stimulus on task switching.Switch cost was measured as the main index.The results showed that：the effect of the three was significant severally.However,the interaction among the three was not found.Based on the theories of the subtractive method reaction time,the findings suggested that task-set inertia,task-set reconfiguration and associative competition were serial processes severally and additive effect on switch cost.

关 键 词：任务切换 切换代价 执行控制 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]