遮荫处理对丘陵茶园生态环境及茶树气体交换的影响  

Effects of Shading on Eco-environment and Leaf Gas Exchange of Tea in Hilly Tea Plantation

作　　者：付晓青[1] 陈佩[2] 秦志敏[3] 肖润林[1] 杨知建[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学,长沙410128 [3]南京农业大学,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第8期40-46,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目"丘陵茶园生态管理研究与应用"(KSCX2-YW-N-48);广西区科技合作与交流重点项目"融水山区茶园生态管理研究与示范"(桂科合0992031-20);广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目"华南地区生态茶园关键技术研究与示范"(2009B091300077)

摘　　要：以遮光率分别为75%、56%和30%黑色遮阳网为试验材料,以不遮光为对照,研究不同遮光处理对茶园生态环境及茶树叶片气孔气体交换的影响。结果表明,遮阳网覆盖可有效改善茶树生长的生态环境,与不遮光茶园相比,75%、56%和30%遮光率处理的茶园光合有效辐射明显降低,日平均气温分别比对照低1.7℃、1.1℃、0.7℃,日平均地表温度分别比对照低8.2℃、5.7℃、3.5℃,日平均5cm土壤温度分别低5.4℃、3.4℃、2.3℃。空气相对湿度则分别比对照高2.7%、1.6%、0.9%。75%遮光率处理与空白达显著差异,新梢1芽3叶含水量比对照高21.8%,第3片成熟叶的平均叶面积比对照高8.96cm2。75%和56%遮光率处理的茶园净光合速率日变化进程呈现单峰曲线,30%遮光率处理和不遮光处理的茶园为双峰曲线,各处理全天的净光合速率大小依次为56%遮光率>75%遮光率>30%遮光率>不遮光。同时,蒸腾速率随遮荫率的增加而上升,56%和75%遮荫率下气孔导度呈单峰曲线,30%和未遮荫处理茶园则呈双峰曲线。To analyze the influence of shading on the environment of tea plantation and leaf gas exchange characteristics of the tea,four different levels of shading （75%,56%,30% and 0%） were designed with different black shade cloths in summer.The results showed that shading improved the ecological environment of tea plantation effectively,the photo synthetically active radiation under 75%,56% and 30% shading treatments decreased significantly compared with the control treatment.The daily average air temperature under 75%,56% and 30% shading treatments were 1.7℃,1.1℃ and 0.7℃ lower than in the control,and daily average soil surface temperature was 8.2℃,5.7℃,3.5℃ lower compared with that under the control.In addition,the daily average temperature of the 5 cm soil profile was 5.4℃,3.4℃ and 2.3℃,lower than in the control,respectively.Humidity increased as temperature decreased.Relative humidity under 75%,56% and 30% shading was 2.7%,1.6%,0.9% higher than in the control.Besides,significant difference was found between the 75% shading and the control treatment.The water content of one-bud-three-leaves was 21.8% higher and the average leaf area of the third mature leaf was 8.96 cm2 larger than those of control.Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of tea was single-peak curve under 75% and 56% shading and bimodal curve under 30% and control.The total net photosynthetic rates of different treatments was in the order of 56%75%30%0%.At the same time,transpiration rate increased as the shading intensity become higher.Stomatal conductance showed a single peak curve under 56% and 75% shading,while it showed bimodal curve under 30% shading and control treatment.

关 键 词：遮荫 丘陵茶园 光合有效辐射 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 气孔导度 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]