《语言机能:有什么特殊性?》基本观点之分析  

An Analysis of the Basic Views in "The Faculty of Language:What's Special about It?"

作　　者：王世龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学外国语学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2011年第1期88-93,共6页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学规划课题"语言机能之生物语言学研究"(10Q27)

摘　　要：Hauser,Chomsky and Fitch(2002)(HCF)把语言机能分为FLB和FLN,同时又指出递归性是FLN特有的。Pinker and Jackendoff(2005)(PJ)从语言机能和与之相关的大脑组织等方面对这一观点进行了反驳。PJ认为HCF的观点忽视了语言的许多方面,如:音位学、词素学、格等,同时也指出与HCF不同,语言是不完美的,是一种自然进化适应的结果。本文作者用生成语法的科学哲学指导思想对以上PJ的观点给予反驳,用生物语言学的理论来加以分析。同时指出,HCF和PJ的观点的相同点是他们都认为语言是与进化有关;不同点是HCF认为进化是一个因素,是外在原因;而PJ的观点在于对Darwin观点的理解的不同,PJ采用方法论上的二元论,对大脑和人体其他器官采用不同的研究方法,认为进化是决定性的因素。HCF在自然科学哲学指导思想下,认为自然选择是其中一个因素,而PJ则把自然选择作为进化的唯一因素。The questions of which aspects of language are uniquely human and uniquely linguistic in light of recent suggestions by Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch （2002） （HCF） are examined in Pinker and Jackendoff （2005） （PJ）, especially the statement that the only such aspect is syntactic reeursion. HCF ignores many aspects of grammar that are not recursive such as phonology, morphology, case etc. PJ concludes that language is imperfect and is an adaption of evolution. In this analysis, the scientific philosophical methods are referred to to sustain the position of HCF and the generative grammar. The aim of natural science is to build a theory to satisfy the adequacy of explanation, not the adequacy of description. During this process, there are many aspects that we have to ignore in order to reach our goal. The crucial difference between HCF and PJ is that Chomsky believes that natural selection is one of the factors and Pinker believes that natural selection is the only factor.

关 键 词：递归性 进化 交际 最简单性 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学] H0-05