心算活动中混合策略选择的ERP研究  

An ERP Study of Mix Strategy Selection in Mental Arithmetic

作　　者：陈亚林[1] 刘昌[1] 张小将[1] 徐晓东[2] 沈汪兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院暨认知神经科学实验室 [2]南京师范大学外国语学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第4期384-395,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：考察问题大小、距离、奇偶及答案正误对心算策略选择的影响。采用先答案后算式的呈现方式,记录了15名被试的64导ERP。研究发现,在小问题中,错误答案与正确答案相比,诱发了算术不一致N400,距离和奇偶因素影响其波峰及潜伏期。在大问题中,距离和奇偶因素影响晚期正波,近距离奇偶一致情境诱发了波幅较小的晚期正慢波。表明在混合情境,距离比奇偶信息优先得到加工;在小问题心算中距离和奇偶信息影响答案提取,而在大问题心算中,对于依靠距离信息较难直接判断的小距离问题,在进一步的加工中会借助奇偶信息判断是否采用精确计算策略。Problem size,split,parity and correctness of answer affect mental arithmetic problem-solving.Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience researches on mental arithmetic showed that there are different strategy selection in problem size effect,split effect,and parity effect.Moreover,these three factors can hardly be distinct from each other.Split and parity even have contradictive effect.These caused confusions in past researches.And also,few researches noticed the mix of the factors.How do people make their choice when these factors are mixed？ One hypothesis is that split has priority compare to parity.Moreover,the electrophysiological feathers of parity effect remained unknown.There were also some problems of the presentation mode in past researches.The present study tried to give an answer with a new presentation mode.High-density event-related potentials（Neuroscan） of 15 college students were recorded.The stimuli consisted of mathematic equations between 0 and 60.Each trial began with a fixation cross shown for 500 ms.500ms later,the answer shown for 250ms.Another 500ms later,the equations appeared and remained on the screen for 3000 ms followed by the varied ITI of 800-1200ms.There were 6 blocks,which consisted of 110 trials.All the trials and blocks were randomized on-line.Repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analyze.An arithmetic N400 was present for small incorrect problems.The parity congruent problems caused more significant N400 than parity incongruent problems in small split and small problems.A late positive wave was present and manipulated by split and parity for large problems.And the parity congruent problems elicited lower late positive slow wave than parity incongruent problems in small split and large problems.No significant difference emerged between parity congruent and incongruent problems in large split and large problems.Problem size,split and parity are the important variables in mental arithmetic research.When processing with these factors,split has priority over parity both in small

关 键 词：心算策略选择 问题大小效应 距离效应 奇偶效应 脑事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]