元谋干热河谷三种植被恢复模式土壤贮水及入渗特性  

Soil water holding capacities and infiltration characteristics of three vegetation restoration models in dry-hot valley of Yuanmou

作　　者：刘洁[1] 李贤伟[1] 纪中华[2] 张健[1] 张良辉[1] 周义贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,四川雅安625014 [2]云南省农科院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第8期2331-2340,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2006BAC01A11);国家自然科学基金面上项目(30771717);四川农业大学长江上游植被恢复与重建创新项目共同资助

摘　　要：采用双环法及主成分分析法、Pearson相关分析法,对云南省元谋干热河谷小跨山流域3种植被恢复类型(以裸地为对照)的土壤入渗与贮水特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)3种植被类型与裸地的饱和贮水量表现为:最大滞留贮水量和最大吸持贮水量均表现为罗望子+百喜草(1317.0,118.5,1198.5 t/hm2)>银合欢林(1152.0,99.0,1053.0 t/hm2)>扭黄茅(1108.5,89.5,1029.0 t/hm2)>裸地(954.0,66.0,888.0 t/hm2),且植被对土壤滞留贮存功能的改善作用大于土壤吸持贮存功能。2)3种植被类型与裸地间土壤入渗特征值均表现出初渗率(罗望子+百喜草:7mm/min;银合欢林:8.37mm/min;扭黄茅:6.01mm/min;裸地:0.62mm/min)>平均入渗率(5.93,5.06,3.94,0.53mm/min)>稳渗率(4.94,2.88,3.29,0.27mm/min)的规律。不论旱季还是雨季,根据主成分分析法,得出土壤渗透性能综合判断值(F)的综合方程,综合评价3种植被类型与裸地土壤渗透性优劣,表现为:罗望子+百喜草(F:1.2271)>扭黄茅(F:0.5365)>银合欢林(F:0.2688)>裸地(F:-2.0323)。3)Pearson相关分析法表明,3种植被类型与裸地的土壤渗透性与总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤有机质含量呈极显著(P<0.01)或者显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤容重呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著负相关(P<0.05),并在此基础上建立了主导因子方程。4)对土壤入渗过程模拟得出通用经验方程是用于描述该流域土壤入渗过程的最优模型。Hot-dry Valley of Jinsha River is one of the typical serious degenerated regions,The area has abundant sunshine,rich heat resource,low precipitation but high evaporation which leads to severe soil water deficit during the dry season.The adverse environment resulted in lower biological productivity and difficulty in vegetation.A lot of studies proved that vegetation restoration is an effective approach of ecosystem restoration in the dry-hot valleys of Jinsha River.Using double-rings method,principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis,the characteristics of soil infiltration and water-holding capacity of three kinds of vegetation restoration models（taking bare land for comparison） were studied in Xiaokuashan watershed of Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley,Yunnan Province.The results indicated that： ①Soil saturated water storage,water-holding capacity of non-capillary porosity and water-holding capacity of capillary porosity were all shown as the sequence of Tamarindus indica L.＋ Paspalum notatum Flugge（1317.0,118.5,1198.5 t/hm2） Leucaena leucocephala（Lam.） de Wit（1152.0,99.0,1053.0 t/hm2） Heteropogon contortus（L.） Beauv.（1108.5,89.5,1029.0 t/hm2） bare land（954.0,66.0,888.0 t/hm2）.The improvement function played by each model on water-holding capacity of non-capillary porosity was greater than that played by corresponding model on water-holding capacity of capillary porosity.②Infiltration eigenvalues of three models and bare land were shown as initial infiltration rate（T.indica L.＋ P.notatum Flugge： 7mm/min;H.contortus（L.） Beauv.： 8.37mm/min;L.leucocephala（Lam.） de Wit：6.01mm/min;bare land：0.62mm/min）average infiltration rate（T.indica L.＋ P.notatum Flugge：5.93mm/min;H.contortus（L.） Beauv.： 5.06mm/min;L.leucocephala（Lam.） de Wit：3.94mm/min;bare land：0.53mm/min）stable infiltration rate（T.indica L.＋ P.notatum Flugge：4.94mm/min;H.contortus（L.） Beauv.： 2.88mm/min;L.leucocephala（Lam.） de Wit：3.29mm/min;bare land：0.27m

关 键 词：干热河谷 植被恢复 土壤贮水量 土壤入渗 元谋 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]