基于遥感和蚁群算法的多目标种植结构优化  

Multi-objective optimization of crop planting structure based on remote sensing and ant colony algorithm

作　　者：张智韬[1] 刘俊民[1] 陈俊英[1] 汪志农[1] 李援农[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2011年第2期149-154,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：'十一五'国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD11B05;2007BAD88b05)

摘　　要：针对农业种植结构与水资源不匹配的问题,以主要作物不同生育期需水特点和区域降水特点吻合性为基础,建立了考虑灌区节水效益、经济效益和生态效益的多目标种植结构优化模型,并以宝鸡峡五泉灌区为例,利用遥感快速获取灌区种植结构信息,并以不同口粮面积约束为条件建立2种优化方案,采用蚁群算法对模型在不同约束下的2种优化方案进行优化求解.结果表明:方案1,2的灌区需水总量为现状的85.4%和83.4%,纯收入比现状在平水年低5.4%和高7.1%,在干旱年低5.9%和高7.3%,降雨耦合度分别在平水年高12.6%和15.6%,干旱年高17.5%和28.6%,对2种不同约束方案优化结果比较得出,方案2为最优调整方案.该研究在未改变原有灌区种植面积的条件下,经种植结构优化调整后,既可保持灌区生态环境的可持续发展,又使灌区经济收入有很大的提高.这对农业节水规划具有较高的实用价值和理论意义.A water-saving and multi-objective planting structure optimization model was put forward against the mismatching between regional planting structure and water resources.Based on the matching degree between water requirement at different crop-growing stages and the regional precipitation as well as the crop planting structure obtained by remote sensing,a planting structure optimization model with multiple objectives such as water saving,economic and ecological benefits in the irrigated area was established.With Wuquan irrigation district in Baojixia as an example,the model was optimized with ant colony algorithm.The total water requirements for irrigation district of plan 1 and plan 2 is respectively 85.4% and 83.4% of the present situation.The income of plan 1 is lower 5.4% and the plan 2 is higher 7.1% than common years.Meanwhile the income of plan 1 is lower 5.9% and the project 2 is higher 7.3% than the droughty years.The coupling degree of precipitation of plan 1 and plan 2 is respectively higher 12.6% and 15.6% than common years while higher 17.5% and 28.6% than droughty years.The comparison between the two plans of controlled optimization shows that the second one is the better readjustment plan because,without changing the planting area,the structure optimization helps not only maintain the sustainable development of the entironment but also improve the economic income dramatically.It is practically and theoretically for agricultural water saving planning.

关 键 词：种植结构 遥感 蚁群算法 优化 节水 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] TP273[农业科学—农业工程]