北京地区城乡街尘中铅污染分异特征研究  

Characteristics of Lead Contamination in Street Dusts Between Urban and Rural in Beijing

作　　者：王小梅[1,2] 赵洪涛[2] 李叙勇[2] 段文标[1] 何小艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《土壤》2011年第2期232-238,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971271;41071323);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目计划课题项目(2009CB421104);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2008-1-05)资助

摘　　要：城乡环境背景与管理的显著差异,对街尘污染的影响日益突显。通过对北京中心城区、卫星城区、乡镇、村庄以及中心城区中的城中村共162个点位的街尘颗粒物与Pb浓度调查和分析,结果表明:城乡之间街尘中颗粒分布及其Pb含量存在较大差异。其中,中心城区以及卫星城区的街尘中Pb浓度显著高于村庄,而单位面积的Pb质量低于缺乏管理的城中村和村庄;街尘中颗粒物在各粒径段浓度总体存在着城区高于村庄的现象,且研究区域存在街尘中颗粒物随着粒径的减小Pb浓度增加的趋势,但大于150μm的颗粒物浓度波动较大;城市道路的细粒径污染负荷贡献率高于村庄道路,细粒径的污染负荷贡献率存在"溢价现象",而粗粒径则反之。研究结果建议对街尘污染控制应城乡并重,因地适宜,并特别关注街尘的粒径效应所带来的影响。The obvious differences of environmental background and administration between urban and rural increasingly influence the Non-piont contamination.The study about 162 samples of street dusts from central city,satellite city,township,village and urban village showed that street dusts on impervious surface of urban and rural significantly affected heavy metal contents and particle size distributions in different urban and rural areas.The unit area mass of Pb indicated on the contrary that concentration of Pb in street dust was the higher in urban than in rural which was also in all size of the particle distribution.The concentration of Pb was higher in particles with finer grain size.The particles bigger than 150 μm fluctuated greatly.Loading on a grain size fraction of fine particles in urban road was higher than rural road.The fine had a phenomenon of ＂premium＂,while the coarse was ＂discount＂.The research findings imply that urban and rural areas should take different appropriate methods to control no-point pollution.Otherwise,particle size distribution is a key factor affecting heavy metal contamination in street dusts,which should be paid more attentions.

关 键 词：街尘 粒径 铅污染 城乡差异 

分 类 号：X132[环境科学与工程—环境科学]