论美国审前公开的法律限制及启示——以美国最高法院案例为分析视角  

On the Restrictions of Pri-trial Publicty in the U.S.

作　　者：赵长江[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学法学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《河北法学》2011年第4期172-178,共7页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：重庆邮电大学社科基金(K2010-122)项目成果

摘　　要：美国审前公开问题的实质是宪法修正案所保护的公正审判与言论出版自由的冲突,在解决这一问题上,美国最高法院经历了一个从侧重保护新闻出版自由的"审判有明显错误"标准,到侧重保护公正审判"推定的偏见"标准,再到重视两种权利调和的全面审查标准。全面审查标准强调了法官的主动性,这反映出在新闻媒体高度发达的今日,审前公开已经对公正审判造成冲击,迫使一贯主张司法克制的美国法院向司法能动进行转换。我国应当借鉴美国的全面审查标准,在热点案件中对影响公正审判的因素进行审查,进而采取相应的措施来保障公正审判的进行。The essence of pretrial publicity in U.S. is the inevitable clash between the freedom of press provided in the First Amendment and the fair trial protected by the Sixth Amendment. The Supreme Court lay down the test of totality of circumstances in 1975 which is the product of compromise of two constitutional rights, evolving from the test of ＂manifesting error＂ before 1950＇ s and ＂presumed bias＂ in 1960＇s, to examine the pre-trial publicity. The new test gave the judge great discretion to supervise the trial and to provide remedies, which is contrary to the tradition of judicial restraint. The test should be introduced into Chinese criminal trial, especially those hot cases easily influenced by the media, to give the defendant a fair trial and provide effective remedies.

关 键 词：审前公开 公正审判 出版自由 全面审查标准 

分 类 号：DF718.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]