南方稻田保护性耕作模式的技术特征值及其量化分析——以湖南双季稻区为例  

Technological Characteristics and Quantitative Analysis of Conservation Tillage in Paddy Field of Southern China——A Case Study in Double Cropping Rice Regions of Hunan Province

作　　者：李媛媛[1] 陈源泉[1] 杨光立[2] 肖小平[2] 汤文光[2] 唐海明[2] 隋鹏[1] 高旺盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学循环农业研究中心,北京100193 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第7期1346-1357,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD15B00)

摘　　要：【目的】研究湖南双季稻区5种保护性耕作模式的技术特征值,综合分析5种保护性耕作模式的特点及其适宜区域。【方法】以双季稻冬闲种植为对照,根据"三少两高"(少动土、少裸露、少污染、高保蓄、高效益)技术原理构建指标体系,对湖南双季稻区5种保护性耕作模式的技术特征值做量化分析。【结果】双季稻-马铃薯的综合保护度最大,为20.1,双季稻-黑麦草与双季稻-油菜模式的综合保护度次之,达17.5和16.0;双季稻-紫云英栽培模式的综合保护度为10.5,双季稻双免种植模式的综合保护度最低,为3.4。【结论】5种保护性耕作技术模式均具有一定的"保护度",但差异较大。其中双季稻-马铃薯的综合保护度最高,经济效益值最高、土壤的保蓄能力也最高,劳动力消耗也最大,适宜于劳动力相对充裕的区域;双季稻-黑麦草综合保护度与双季稻-油菜的相近,其经济效益值较高,土壤的保蓄能力也高,但劳动力消耗不大,适宜性较为广泛;双季稻-紫云英的综合保护度也较高,且由于其减少了农药、化肥的使用,使得其对环境的毒害作用最小;双季稻双免栽培的劳动力消耗最低,但综合保护度为正值,即表现为一定的保护性,适宜农村劳动力较为贫乏的区域。【Objective】 Five conservation tillage patterns in double cropping-rice regions of Hunan were analyzed in order to find the advantages and disadvantages of them.【Method】 Based on the five principles（less soil disturbance,less bareness,less pollution,higher soil stores,higher economic benefits）,a set of indexes were built to analyze the characters of the five conservation tillage patterns contrasted with double cropping rice winter fallow（CK）.【Result】 The main results showed that the conservation degree value of double rice-potato was the highest（reached 20.1）,the double rice-ryegrass and double rice-rape reached 17.5 and 16.0,respectively.The conservation degree value of double rice-milk vetch was 10.5.The lowest values was 3.4 which was no-tillage double cropping rice pattern.【Conclusion】 The results demonstrated that the conservation degree value of double rice-potato was the highest and adapt to the regions have surplus labor forces cause of it obtained the highest economic benefits,soil savings and labor consumption.The conservation degree value of double rice-ryegrass had the same efficient as double rice-rape and both had low labor consumption and high economic benefits.The conservation degree value of double rice-milk vetch was very high for it had the lowest pollution of pesticides and fertilizers to the environment.The no-tillage double cropping rice owned the lowest labor consumption,though its conservation degree value was the lowest,it showed its positive effects and can be popularized in the regions lack of labor forces.

关 键 词：湖南 保护性耕作 技术特征 评价指标 量化分析 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学] S345