不同有机肥对花生营养吸收、土壤酶活性及速效养分的影响  

Effects of applying different organic fertilizers on peanut nutrients absorption,soil enzyme activities and soil available nutrients

作　　者：王飞[1] 林诚[1] 何春梅[1] 李清华[1] 李昱[1] 林新坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第2期57-60,83,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2010J01105);省属公益类科研院所专项(2010R1024-4);福建省农科教结合项目(闽财指[2009]865)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究等养分投入条件下,施用化肥与不同有机肥(猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪、麸酸有机无机复混肥)对花生营养吸收、土壤酶活性及速效养分的影响。结果表明,与化肥相比,施用有机肥脲酶活性提高6.2%～22.1%,磷酸酶活性提高7.9%～27.9%,过氧化氢酶活性提高45.1%～65.2%,分别以猪粪、鸡粪、麸酸有机无机复混肥最高,而转化酶活性各处理表现不一。施用有机肥较化肥促进了N、P、K养分向花生果仁转移累积,果仁吸N量、吸P量、吸K量、吸S量分别较化肥提高22.7%～78.0%、47.1%～74.5%、65.2%～91.6%、5.6%～61.2%,其NPK养分总吸收量以麸酸有机无机复混肥最高。施肥均提高了种植花生后的土壤N、P、K速效养分含量,施用麸酸有机无机复混肥还明显改善了土壤S素营养。A pot experiment was set up to investigate the effects of applying different inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizers（pig manure,cattle manure,chicken manure,organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of monosodium glutamate） on peanut nutrients absorption,soil enzyme activities and soil available nutrients.The results showed that soil urease activity applying different organic fertilizers increased 6.2%～22.1%,phosphatase activity increased 7.9%～27.9%,and catalase activity increased 45.1%～65.2%,by the inorganic fertilizer treatment.Urease activity applying pig manure,phosphatase activity applying chicken manure and catalase activity applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of monosodium glutamate were respectively highest in all treatments,but sucrase activity applying different fertilities showed no obvious rule.The mineral nutrients applying different organic fertilizers were relatively easy to divert from the plant to the nutlet and accumulate,compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,thereinto,N absorption increased by 22.7%～78.0%,P absorption increased by 47.1%～74.5%,K absorption increased by 65.2%～91.6%,S absorption increased by 5.6%～61.2%,and total nutrient（NPK） absorption applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of monosodium glutamate were respectively highest in all treatments.After peanut harvest,the soil available N,P,K nutrients contents applying different fertilizers were all higher than CK,moreover,the soil S nutrient applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of monosodium glutamate also improved obviously.

关 键 词：花生 有机肥 有机无机复混肥 养分吸收 土壤酶活性 土壤速效养分 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]