远古文明起源的生态思考  

Ecological Views on Ancient Civilization

作　　者：罗康隆[1] 谭卫华[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学人类学与民族学研究所 [2]吉首大学历史与文化学院

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2011年第2期55-60,共6页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"扩大和稳定我国中西部水资源储养能力的文化对策研究"阶段性成果(08A-JY025);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目阶段性成果(NCET-10-0146)

摘　　要：关于远古文明起源的研究,20世纪40年代以前的学者大多致力于客观地反映各远古文明的特点以及它们所达到的发展水平。20世纪40年代以后,学术界为了赋予远古文明起源以科学性的解释,开始致力于探讨这些远古文明为何仅在特定的地区发展起来?其驱动力又是什么?得出的答案可谓异彩纷呈。历史学学者阿诺德·汤因比提出综合起源学说,文化人类学的代表人物朱利安·斯图尔德则从人与自然的关系中寻求答案,提出文化生态学说。本文在综合比较前人研究成果的基础上,重点剖析汤因比和斯图尔德的文明起源学说之间的非兼容性,并针对这种非兼容性提出了文明起源的新见解,也就是社会压力起源说,重点在于强调多元并存文化之间的冲突与互动。With regard to the origin of ancient civilization,scholars before 1940s were engaged in reflecting objectively the features of ancient civilizations and their developmental levels.In order to give it scientific explanations,the academics after 1940s began to take up with the questions like why these ancient civilizations occurred in specific regions and what their motions were,but the answers were quite different.The historian,Arnold Joseph Toynbee,put forward the synthesized origin theory,and at the same time,the cultural anthropologist,Julian Steward,proposed the cultural ecology theory from the relationship of human beings and nature.This paper analyzes the incompatibility of the origin theories by Toynbee and Steward,and proposes new points of civilization origin,that is,social pressure origin theory with emphasis on conflicts and interactions among multi-cultures.

关 键 词：文明起源 生态背景 文化 社会压力 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]