类Tc1转座子研究进展  

Recent Advancements in Tc1-Like Transposons

作　　者：刘东[1] 唐文乔[1] 杨金权[1] 刘少军[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,省部共建种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,教育部蛋白质化学及鱼类发育生物学重点实验室,长沙410081

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2011年第2期87-96,共10页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:30630051,30771650);教育部博士点基金(批准号:20070264001);上海市重点学科(批准号:S30701);上海市教委E-研究院(批准号:E03009)资助项目

摘　　要：转座子广泛存在于各种生物基因组中,能在染色体不同位点间转座,并在基因组中大量扩增.转座子的活动能引起生物基因组或基因的重组和变异,加速生物多样性及其进化速率,被视为生物基因组进化的内在驱动.转座子分2类:反转座子和DNA转座子.类Tc1转座子是DNA转座子超级家族中种类最多、分布最广的一类.本文简要概述了类Tc1转座子的结构特征,及其扩增、转座和迸发的机制,并展望了其应用和研究方向.Transposable elements widely disseminate in genomes of various organisms. Transpositions of these elements take place from one position in the chromsome to another, and their amplification also occurs in genomes. Activities of transposable elements create genomic rearrangements and gene mutations, and contribute to cause biological diversity and promote evolutionary transitions, indicating that transposable elements are major drivers of genomic evolution. Transposable elements fall into two major classes： retrotransposons and DNA transposons. Tcl-like transposons that belong to DNA transposon class are the most abundant and most ubiquitous group in nature. This review focuses on Tcl-like transposon＇s structure characteristics, their amplification and transposition mechanisms, and their burst dynamics, and also prospects to the application of these elements as a tool for molecular biology and the research on these elements in the future.

关 键 词：基因组 转座子 转座酶 类Tc1 进化 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]