航天搭载后福橘(Citrus reticulata Blanco)茎尖无性系有丝分裂行为和细胞超微结构的变化  

CHANGE OF MITOTIC BEHAVIOR AND ULTRA STRUCTURE OF ‘FUJU’(Citrus reticulata Blanco) STEM-APEX CLONES AFTER SPACE FLIGHT

作　　者：吴如健[1] 黄镜浩[1] 温寿星[1] 蔡子坚[1] 罗土炎[2] 陈良锋 王周文 

机构地区：[1]福建省农科院果树研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农科院中心实验室,福建福州350003 [3]闽侯县鸿尾乡政府,福建福州350106 [4]闽侯县科技局,福建福州350100

出　　处：《核农学报》2011年第2期259-265,297,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技厅重点项目(2007N0087);福建省农科院科技创新团队特色园艺作物育种与技术创新项目(STIF-Y06);福建省农业科学院果树研究所所长基金项目

摘　　要：福橘(Citrus reticulata Blanco)茎尖经‘实践八号’育种卫星搭载后,经组织培养获得其再生植株,以此为材料,结合常规压片法与超薄切片技术,研究航天搭载对福橘当代无性系细胞有丝分裂行为及细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明:航天搭载对福橘茎尖具有诱变作用,所得13个诱变无性系中,有丝分裂过程存在不同程度的异常,其中‘08004’无性系植株的有丝分裂畸变率明显高于其他无性系:中期染色体数目异常畸变率为0.34%,落后染色体畸变率为0.69%,微核畸变率为0.86%;并且有丝分裂过程中纺锤体结构发生异常,可见C-形(0.17%)或S-形纺锤体(1.20%),细胞发生多极分裂(1.03%)。绝大多数航天搭载当代无性系的细胞超微结构正常。‘08004’无性系植株叶肉细胞超微结构呈现细胞程序性死亡(PCD)典型特征:细胞核内染色质凝集;叶绿体类囊体结构解体;出现自体吞噬小体;细胞液泡化并发生质壁分离,最终形成凋亡小体。PCD过程中,线粒体保持其结构完整性,直至PCD末期才发生结构变化。By using conventional squash stain technique and ultrathin sectioning technique,the effects of space flight on mitotic behavior and ultrastructure were studied in the shoot apical meristem of ‘Fuju’（Citrus reticulata Blanco）,which had been carried by China’s seed-breeding satellite,Shijian-8.The results showed that space flight had effect on the mutagenesis of stem-apical meristem.Abnormal mitosis with various degrees had been detected in 13 mutant clones,of which mitotic aberrations in clone ‘08004’were significantly higher than the others.The aberration rate of numerical abnormalities of chromosomes at metaphase,lagging chromosome,micronucleus,C-spindle,S-spindle and polyarch spindle in the clone ‘08004 ’was 0.34%,0.69%,0.86%,0.17%,1.20% and 1.03%,respectively.The ultrastructure of mesophyll cell in most clones was unchanged,but nucleus chromatin agglutination,chloroplast thylakoid disintegrated,autophagosome appeared,cell vacuolated,plasm olysis and the formation of apoptotic body were found in the clone＇08004＇,suggesting that programmed cell death（PCD）Nevertheless,no change in the mitochondrial structure was observed until terminal phase of PCD.

关 键 词：航天育种 福橘 有丝分裂 纺锤体 超微结构 染色质凝集 自体吞噬小体 细胞程序性死亡 

分 类 号：S666.2[农业科学—果树学]