不同消毒方式对饮用水生物活性炭出水消毒效果的对比研究  

Disinfection Efficiency for Outlet Water from Biological Activated Carbon Process by Different Disinfecting Modes

作　　者：支兴华[1] 白晓慧[1] 孟明群[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学生命科学技术学院水质科学与工程实验室,上海200240 [2]上海市供水调度监测中心,上海200002

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第5期1346-1350,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07421-005)

摘　　要：针对水厂生物活性炭深度处理工艺可能产生的细菌泄露问题,采用上海徐泾水厂生物活性炭出水,通过对异养菌平板计数和卤代烃气相色谱检测分析,比较了次氯酸钠和氯胺2种消毒方式对出厂水水质安全保障的效果.在水温30℃下,采用NaClO消毒剂进行消毒处理时,初始余氯值达到1.84 mg/L、接触30 min即可保障灭活率lg(N0/N)超过2;若采用NH2 Cl消毒,则初始余氯值为2.20 mg/L、消毒接触90 min以上才可达到相同效果.采用NaClO消毒,初始余氯浓度1.53～2.42 mg/L时,CHCl3和CCl4生成量分别为4.97～7.10μg/L和0.01～0.71μg/L;NH2Cl消毒,初始余氯2.10～2.86 mg/L时,CHCl3和CCl4生成量分别为4.43～5.55μg/L和0.01～0.64μg/L,生成的卤代烃含量低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准.本实验表明水中氯化消毒过程包括初始快速灭菌阶段与后期慢速灭菌阶段;针对水厂活性炭出水微生物含量较高现状,NaClO灭菌效果比NH2 Cl好,但均难实现100%灭活,且在水温较高的条件下不会造成消毒副产物超标风险.Lab-scale tests were designed to treat the leak of bacteria from BAC process.Water samples from outlet of BAC pool in Xujing Waterworks in Shanghai were disinfected by NaClO and NH2 Cl disinfectant to compare the disinfection efficiency.Heterotrophic bacteria in disinfected water were cultivated and counted and halo hydrocarbons were detected by GC.To keep the disinfecting efficacy [lg（N0/N）]over 2 under the water temperature of 30℃,NaClO should have an initial concentration more than 1.84 mg/L total chlorine and contact with bacteria for about 30 minutes.As to NH2 Cl disinfection,the initial concentration should be more than 2.20 mg/L total chlorine and contacting time should be prolonged to about 90 minutes.The production of CHCl3 ranged from 4.97 to 7.10 μg/L and CCl4 ranged from 0.01 to 0.71 μg/L in NaClO disinfection tests with a initial disinfecting concentration in the range of 1.53-2.42 mg/L total chlorine values.In NH2 Cl disinfecting tests,CHCl3 ranged from 4.43 to 5.55 μg/L and CCl4 ranged from 0.01 to 0.64 μg/L when initial disinfecting concentration limited in the range of 2.10-2.86 mg/L total chlorine values.All was below the state drinking water standard.The results showed that the disinfection process can be divided into fast step and slow step.NaClO has higher disinfecting efficiency on bacteria than NH2 Cl,but neither can reach 100% effectivity.Meanwhile the risk of producing halo hydrocarbon over standard was proved to be negligible.

关 键 词：生物活性炭 次氯酸钠 氯胺 灭活率 卤代烃 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] R123.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学]