小白菜对猪粪中高Cu和Zn的富集与转运  

Bioconcentration and Translocation of Cu and Zn by Brassica sinensis L. Planted in High Cu and Zn Contaminated Pig Manure-Applied Soils

作　　者：张妍[1,2] 崔骁勇[1] 罗维[2] 时鹏[1] 吕永龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院资源与环境学院,北京100049 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第5期1482-1488,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2008CB418104;2007CB407307);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室项目(SKLURE2008-1-04);国家自然科学基金项目(C031001);环境保护部公益项目(200909103)

摘　　要：近年来,规模化养猪中Cu和Zn广泛应用于饲料添加剂,导致猪粪含大量的Cu和Zn.猪粪土地利用中高Cu和Zn导致的环境污染和植物效应已引起了人们的高度关注.研究高Cu和Zn的猪粪施入土壤后典型蔬菜对Cu和Zn的富集和转运,可为有机蔬菜安全生产和品质提高提供科学依据,对粪便中重金属的健康风险评价具有重要的参考价值.本研究以含高Cu和Zn的猪粪(Cu为1 114.7 mg.kg-1,Zn为1 496.8 mg.kg-1)堆肥作为试验材料,设5个施肥处理(25、50、100、200和500t.hm-2)和不施肥的对照处理.通过盆栽试验研究了猪粪施用土壤中Cu和Zn向小白菜体内的富集和转运特征.结果表明,不同施肥水平下小白菜地上、地下部Zn含量都高于Cu,且地下部Cu和Zn的含量均高于地上部.在猪粪施肥量>50 t.hm-2时,小白菜地上部Cu和Zn含量显著高于对照处理.随着猪粪施用量的增加,小白菜对土壤中Cu的富集系数从0.11上升到0.17,但对Zn的富集系数则从0.47下降到0.11.小白菜将Cu和Zn从地下部向地上部运输和转移的比例随着施用量的增加分别下降25%和38%.增加猪粪施用量相对降低了重金属Zn在植物体内的富集,但提高了Cu在蔬菜中的富集和对人体的健康风险.植物地上部、地下部以及整株的Zn/Cu都随着猪粪施用量的增加而降低,增加猪粪的施用量可使小白菜对Cu和Zn吸收转运能力的差异减小.In recent years,Cu and Zn have been widely used in pig fodders in large-scale animal feeding,causing Cu and Zn contamination in soils and effecting plants in land application of pig manure.It is of great concern to the world that pig manure is used in the dose greater than the organic fertilizer criterion.It is very important to clarify bioconcentration and translocation of Cu and Zn in vegetables in order to assess human health risk of these heavy metals accumulated in soil and to safely produce vegetables.Bioconcentration and translocation of Cu and Zn by Brassica sinensis L.planted in pig manure-applied soils were studied using pot experiments.Pig manure with great concentrations of Cu and Zn（Cu =1 114.7 mg.kg-1,Zn =1 496.8 mg.kg-1） were applied to soils at six rates,i.e.0,25,50,100,200 and 500 t.hm-2.The results indicate that the concentration of Zn was greater than that of Cu in both aboveground and underground parts of B.sinensis.Both Cu and Zn concentrations in the underground part were greater than those in upper-ground for every treatment.There were significant differences for both Cu and Zn concentrations in shoots between CK and the treatment with application rate above 50 t.hm-2.Bioconcentration factor of Cu in B.sinensis increased with pig manure application rate from 0.11 to 0.17,while that of Zn decreased from 0.47 to 0.11.The proportion of Cu and Zn transported from roots to shoots decreased 25% and 38% with the increase of pig manure application,respectively.It indicates that pig manure application can reduce bioconcentration of Zn in B.sinensis,and build up Cu accumulation which leads to human health risk.The ratio of Zn∶ Cu in every part of B.sinensis decreased with manure application rate increment.This result prompted that uptake and translocation capacity discrepancy of Cu and Zn decreased with manure application rate increment in B.sinensis.

关 键 词：猪粪 CU ZN 小白菜 富集 转运 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]