焦作市工业行业的生态效率  

Eco-efficiency of Jiaozuo Industry Sectors

作　　者：杜艳春[1] 姜畔[1] 毛建素[1] 徐琳瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第5期1529-1536,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC28B03)

摘　　要：以工业城市焦作市为例,选择工业能源消费和污染物(包括废水、固体废物、SO2、烟尘等)排放作为环境负荷,定量分析工业分行业的生态效率及分行业特定环境负荷对总环境负荷的贡献率.结果表明,能源效率最高的行业是黑色金属矿采选业(FMM),为43.19万元.tce-1,贡献率为0.003%;废水排放相关环境效率最高的是交通运输设备制造业(TRM),为3.58万元.t-1,贡献率为0.000 1%;固废产生相关环境效率最高的是专用设备制造业(SMM),为323.22万元.t-1,贡献率为0.005%;SO2排放相关环境效率最高的是专用设备制造业(SMM),为19.74万元.kg-1,贡献率为0.000 1%;烟尘排放相关环境效率最高的是橡胶制品业(RUM),为6.75万元.kg-1,贡献率为0.001%.由此看出,生态效率高的行业,贡献率较低,因而造成工业负荷总量一定时,对提高工业整体生态效率的带动作用较弱.提出了简约距离指数法,估算焦作市各工业行业的5种环境负荷生态效率与全国水平的距离指数.结果表明,焦作与中国工业行业间的距离指数介于-1～63.45之间,呈现正值的距离指数的绝对数值远高于呈现负值的距离指数的绝对数值,意味着焦作优势工业行业的生态效率明显高于全国平均水平.Jiaozuo city was taken as a representative industry city and its industry energy consumption and industry emissions such as wastewater,solid waste, SO2, dust and so on were selected as corresponding environmental loads. The contribution rate to the environmental loads and eco-efficiencies of Jiaozuo industry sectors were analyzed quantitatively. The results show that, the industry sector with the highest energy eco-efficiency is Mining and Processing of Ferrous Metal Ores （FMM） ,43. 19 × 104 yuan.tce -1 ,and its contribution rate is 0. 003% ; the one with the highest wastewater-related eco-efficiency is Manufacture of Transport Equipment （TRM） ,3.58 × 104 yoan·t-1 ,and its contribution rate is 0. 000 1%; the one with the highest solid waste-related eeo-efficiency is Manufacture of Special Purpose Machinery （ SMM ） , 323.22 ×104 yuan·t-1, and its contribution rate is 0. 005% ; the one with the highest SO2 emission-related eco-efficiency is Manufacture of Special Purpose Machinery （SMM）, 19.74 ×104 yuan·kg-1, and its contribution rate is 0. 000 1% ; the one with the highest dust emission-related eco-efficiency is Manufacture of Rubber（ RUM ） ,6.75 ×104 yuan· kg-1 ,and its contribution rate is 0. 001%. It can be seen that the industry sector with high value of eco-efficiency always contributes less to its environmental load, which results that the industry sectors with high eco-efficieneies only play a weak role in leading the overall industry eco-efficiency. A succinct distance index （SDI） was proposed to estimate the differences between Jiaozuo and China average for their eco-efficiency of every industrial sector. The values of SDI range from - 1 to 63.45 ,and the absolute value of SDI with positive value is much greater than that with negative value, which indicates that the values of eco-efficiencies for the advanced industry sectors of Jiaozuo city are much higher than those for China＇s industry sectors average.

关 键 词：生态效率 环境负荷 工业行业 简约距离指数 焦作 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]