小RNA的生成机制与功能  

Biogenesis and functions of small RNAs

作　　者：王云[1] 罗勋[1] 刘天骄[1] 王顺昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院生命科学系,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2011年第2期58-61,共4页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(20907016);安徽省自然科学基金(090413257)项目资助

摘　　要：小RNA长度在20~32 nt之间,通过染色质修饰、mRNA降解和翻译抑制来调控基因表达。小RNA可以分为三类：小干扰RNA、微小RNA和piRNAs。小干扰RNA主要抵御转座子和病毒的侵袭。微小RNA的表达受发育水平调控且有组织特异性,在发育和细胞分化中起作用。piRNAs在生殖细胞和干细胞中表达,可使反转座子沉默。综述了这几种小RNA的定义与分类、生成机制、功能及其研究方法。Small RNAs in size 20 to 32 nt regulate gene expression through chromatin modification,mRNA degradation and translational repression.Three major classes of small RNAs have been characterized as short interfering RNAs（siRNAs）,microRNAs（miRNAs） and Piwi-interacting RNAs（piRNAs）.siRNAs are mainly involved in defensing against transposons and viruses.miRNAs are expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner and are involved in development and cell differentiation.piRNAs are expressed in germ cells and stem cells and are thought to repress transposition of retrotransposons.In this paper,the annotation and classification,biogenesis characteristics,function during development and characterization methods of small RNA were reviewed.

关 键 词：小RNA 小干扰RNA 微小RNA piRNAs 

分 类 号：Q522[生物学—生物化学]