生计资本对甘南高原农牧民生计活动的影响  

Impact of Livelihood Capital on the Livelihood Activities of Farmers and Herdsmen on Gannan Plateau

作　　者：赵雪雁[1] 李巍[1] 杨培涛[1] 刘霜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第4期111-118,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41061051;40971291);国家社科基金项目(编号:10CYJ014);教育部科学技术重点项目(编号:210231)

摘　　要：甘南高原是典型的生态环境脆弱区,农牧民采取的不合理生计活动已成为该区生态环境退化的主要因素,目前亟需塑建可持续生计方式。本文采用参与性农户评估方法对甘南高原115户农牧民家庭进行了调查,基于农户调查资料,分析了甘南高原纯牧区、半农半牧区和农区农户的生计资本现状、生计活动特点,阐释了生计资本对生计活动的影响。研究结果表明:①纯牧区农户的生计资本总值最高、半农半牧区次之、农区最低,且纯牧区农户缺乏金融资本、半农半牧区农户缺乏物质资本、农区农户缺乏自然资本;②农区农户的生计活动多样化指数最高、半农半牧区次之、纯牧区最低,农区外出打工和从事非农活动的农户比例远高于半农半牧区和纯牧区;③农户的生计资本影响着生计活动的选择,自然资本缺乏迫使农户寻求其他谋生方式,但受教育程度低、物质资本与金融资本缺乏以及封闭而狭窄的亲缘与地缘关系限制了农户生计多样化。最后提出了提高农牧民生计资本存量、塑建可持续生计方式的政策建议。Gannan Plateau,located in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau,is a typical ecological sensitive area.The farmers＇ livelihood capital has become the key factor which is influencing the livelihood activities,and which in turn has influenced the environment of this area.The paper is based on a survey of 115 peasant households by means of participatory rural appraisal（PRA）.At first,we found the evaluation indexes of livelihood capital and calculated farmers＇ livelihood capital.Then,we analyzed the characteristics of the livelihood activities and illustrates the impact of livelihood capital on the livelihood activities.The result shows： ① That livelihood capital has the spatial heterogeneity,the highest being the farmers of the pasturing area,and the livelihood capital value reaching 1.476 9;the second place is the farmers of the farming area,reaching 1.292 0;the lowest is the farmers of the farming-pastoral area,reaching 1.284 1.There is some difference of the scarcity of capitals in these areas,the farmers of the pasturing area lack financial asset;those of the farming-pastoral area lack material capital and those in the farming area lack natural capital.② The highest diversity degree of the livelihood activities is in the farming area,the diversity index reaching 1.87;the second is the farming-pastoral area with 1.81;the lowest is the pasturing area,with only 1.36.Moreover,the proportion of those working for others and engaging in non-agricultural activities in the farming area exceeds that in the farming-pastoral area and in the pasturing area.③ The farmers＇ livelihood capital affects the choice of the livelihood activities.Being short of natural capital,the farmers have to seek other livelihood pattern.However,lower education level and short age of material capital and financial capital will restrict the diversity degree of the livelihood activities,the same is true of the impact of the close and narrow affinity and geopolitical network.Finally,this paper points out relevant policy proposals.

关 键 词：农牧民 生计资本 生计活动 甘南高原 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]