环境友好季铵盐杀菌剂的合成与抗菌特性  

Synthesis and Antibacterial Characteristics of Eco-friendly Quaternary Ammonium Salt Bactericide

作　　者：周飞[1] 孙玉寒[1] 张芝利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第5期39-42,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项基金项目资助(09JK472);西安工程大学博士基金项目(2005BQ005)

摘　　要：为了在提高季铵盐的杀菌活性的同时消除其在使用过程中对环境的二次污染,合成了一种可生物降解的新型双子季铵盐杀菌剂,1,5-(戊撑)双(N,N`-乙酸十二酯溴化铵)[略作:PDA]。利用二甲基甘氨酸和月桂醇的酯化反应得到了N,N-二甲基甘氨酸酯,再使用1,5-二溴戊烷将其季铵化得到目的物,经1H-NMR检测确认了合成物的结构。以最小抑菌浓度为指标评价了PDA的抗菌特性,并以活性污泥法评价了其生物降解特性。结果表明,与目前最广泛使用的季铵盐杀菌剂苯扎氯铵(BAC)相比较,无论是对于革兰氏阳性菌还是阴性菌PDA都具有更高的杀菌活性,平均MIC为3.11μmol/L。PDA还改善了一般季铵盐的环境稳定性,其抗菌力基本不受环境pH和温度的影响。PDA具有良好的生物降解性,在实验条件下第8天就可以达到100%的降解,相对于具有相似双链结构的季铵盐N,N`-二甲基-N,N`-双十二烷基氯化铵(D1221)提高了一倍。To avoid the secondary pollution from quaternary ammonium salt bactericide,1,5-（pentamethylene） bis（N,N-diethyl dodecyl acetate ammonium bromide）was synthesized by the esterification of dodecyl alcohol with dimethylglycine and the quaternization using 1,5-dibromopentane,and its structure was confirmed by 1H-NMR.The antibacterial characteristics were evaluated by using MIC and biodegradability was investigated by actived sludge method.Results showed that PDA has a higher wide-ranging antibacterial activity with an average MIC of 3.11 μmol/L than one of BAC against either gram negative or positive bacteria.The antibacterial activity of PDA was hardly influenced by pH and temperature.PDA exhibited an excellent biodegradability with a 100% degradable rate at the 8th day under the test conditions,which is one-half of N,N-dimethyl-N,N-didodecyl ammonium dichloride（D1221） having a proximate structure with PDA.

关 键 词：环境友好 季铵盐 杀菌剂 生物降解性 最小抑菌浓度 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]