尿素糠醛缩合物缓释化肥的研究  

Condensation of Urea-furfural of Slow-release Fertilizer

作　　者：宋学君[1,2] 张旭东[1] 石元亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第5期77-79,166,共4页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑重大项目(2007BRD89B02)

摘　　要：为了提高尿素的利用率,改善土壤的耕作质量,笔者按尿素与糠醛的摩尔比（U/F）控制反应计量,得到尿素糠醛缩合物缓释化肥。加成反应缓冲试剂为Na2B4O7-H3BO3,pH值8~9,反应温度控制在45~55℃,消去反应缓冲试剂为CH3COOH-CH3COONH4,pH值4.5~5,反应温度控制在60℃。测试结果表明,当U/F应介于（1.3~1.5）：1时,得到产物的AI值均高于60%,产物在水中的溶出率和在土壤中的溶出率低于普通化肥。该低分子尿素糠醛缩合物是一种缓释化肥,不仅可以显著提高氮素的利用率,而且可以通过调整U/F值与植物生长周期相匹配。该缩合物还具有改善土壤,防止沙化,提高植物根部在土壤中的扎根能力。In order to improve the utilization of urea and quality of soil tillage,as a kind of slow-release fertilizer,the condensation product was prepared using urea and furfural according to molar ratio of urea and furfural（U/F）.The buffer reagent of addition reaction was Na2B4O7-H3BO3,with pH 8～9 and temperature controlled at 45～55 ℃.The buffer reagent of elimination reaction was CH3COOH-CH3COONH4,with pH 4.5～5 and temperature controlled at 60 ℃.Tests showed that AI values of products were higher than 60% when U/F was（1.3～1.5）：1.The dissolution rate of products in water and soil was lower than the ordinary urea.Urea-furfural condensate with low molecular weight which is a slow-releasing fertilizer can significantly improve the utilization of nitrogen.U/F can be selected according to the growth cycle of crops.The condensate can improve the quality of soil,prevent desertification and increase penetration performance of crop root in the soil.

关 键 词：尿素 糠醛 缩合 缓释化肥 

分 类 号：X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]