美国水质标准体系及其对我国水环境保护的启示  

U.S Water Quality Standard System and Its Revelation for China

作　　者：席北斗[1] 霍守亮[1] 陈奇[1] 陈艳卿[1] 昝逢宇[1] 夏训峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第5期100-103,120,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家"水体污染控制与治理"科技重大专项(2009ZX07106-001);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2008CB418206)

摘　　要：美国拥有世界上体系最完善、科学性最强的水质标准体系,对其进行了解和研究将对推进我国水质标准体系的发展起到积极作用。美国水质标准由指定用途、水质基准和反降级政策三部分组成,文章重点对美国水质基准的发展历程及现状、指定用途的规定、反降级政策的内在涵义与实施办法等进行了系统介绍和分析。在概述我国水质标准和水环境功能区划的研究进展和现状的基础上,针对我国水质标准实施中存在的一些问题,根据美国的水质标准体系提出一些启示性建议,为我国形成完整的水质标准体系提供参考。The study on the most complete and scientific water quality standard system in U.S would be helpful for promoting the development of water quality standard system in China.Water quality standards of the U.S.consist of designated uses,criteria and antidegradation policy.Development history and status of the criteria,regulation of designated uses,as well as connotative meaning and implementation of antidegradation policy were introduced.On the review of current water standard and water environmental function zoning in China,some existing problems were analyzed and some constructive suggestions were proposed to provide reference for construction of complete water standard system in China.

关 键 词：水质标准 美国 反降级政策 水环境功能区划 

分 类 号：X651[环境科学与工程]