贵州汞矿区居民食用大米的甲基汞暴露及健康风险评价  

Methylmercury exposure through rice consumption and its health risk assessment for the residents in Guizhou mercury mining areas

作　　者：李平[1] 冯新斌[1] 仇广乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第5期914-921,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金项目(黔科合J字[2009]2003号);国家自然科学基金项目(21007068);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2008AA06Z335)资助

摘　　要：贵州汞矿区居民食用的大米、蔬菜、猪肉和饮水均表现出较高的总汞含量,但仅有大米富集甲基汞。万山汞矿区3个村庄居民食用大米甲基汞的摄入量占总摄入量的平均比例分别为97.5%、94.1%和93.5%,且不同研究对象每日食用大米的甲基汞摄入量与其头发甲基汞含量之间存在显著的相关关系,这证实了食用大米是贵州汞矿区居民甲基汞暴露的主要途径。土法炼汞工人的头发总汞含量显著高于一般居民和对照组,其头发甲基汞占总汞的平均比例仅为12.4%,说明土法炼汞释放的汞蒸气的影响。贵州汞矿区居民头发甲基汞含量相比对照组均有一定程度的升高,部分居民食用大米的日甲基汞摄入量已经超过JECFA 2003年制定的标准(0.23μg.d-1.kg-1),大部分超过美国环保局的推荐值(0.1μg.d-1.kg-1),特别是铜仁垢溪和老屋场地区居民存在一定的甲基汞暴露风险,其他汞矿区人群也存在通过食用大米甲基汞暴露的潜在风险。Rice,vegetable,pork meat,and drinking water were sampled from Guizhou mercury（Hg） mining areas to analyze their total mercury（T-Hg） concentrations.All the samples had higher concentration T-Hg,but only rice accumulated methylmercury（Me-Hg）.The average intake of Me-Hg through rice consumption by the residents in three villages of Wanshan Hg mining area occupied 97.5%,94.1%,and 93.5% of the total Me-Hg intake,respectively,and the Me-Hg intake from rice per resident per day had significant relationship with the Me-Hg level of hair,suggesting that rice consumption was the main route of Me-Hg exposure for the local residents in Guizhou Hg mining areas.The T-Hg concentration in the hairs of artisanal mining workers was significantly higher than that of the common people and control group,and the proportion of Me-Hg to T-Hg in the hairs of the common people and control group was only 12.4% on average,illustrating the impact of Hg vapor from artisanal mining activities.Comparing with control group,the residents in Guizhou Hg mining areas had a higher Me-Hg concentration in their hairs.The daily Me-Hg intake through rice consumption by parts of the residents in Guizhou Hg mining areas exceeded the JECFA-recommended value（0.23 μg·d-1·kg-1）,and that for a majority of the residents exceeded the USEPA-recommended value（0.10 μg·d-1·kg-1）.The residents in Gouxi and Laowuchang of Tongren areas were at a health risk of Me-Hg exposure through rice consumption,and those in other Hg mining areas were at a potential risk of Me-Hg exposure.

关 键 词：贵州汞矿区 甲基汞 大米 汞暴露 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]