过去30a玛纳斯河流域生态安全格局与农业生产力演变  

The evolution between ecological security pattern and agricultural productive force in Manas River Basin for the past 30 years

作　　者：王月健[1,2] 徐海量[3] 王成[2] 凌红波[3] 刘红玲[4] 王绍明[4] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学地理系,石河子832003 [2]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第9期2539-2549,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC17B01);国家973重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB825101)

摘　　要：以空间地域差异明显的玛纳斯河流域为例,在遥感、GIS和历史文献资料的支持下,对该流域上、中、下游4个生态类型区过去30a的生态安全状况进行了评价;采用前人修正的Costanza模型,进行了流域整体的生态健康评价;最后分析了流域生态安全格局变化对农业生产力的影响。研究认为:过去30a间,4个生态类型区生态安全综合评价指数值及生态安全状况变化为:(1)上游山区指数值下降0.13,由较安全区到预警区;(2)中游绿洲城市区指数值增加0.09,由预警区到较安全区;(3)中下游绿洲农区指数值下降0.19,由预警区到中警区;(4)下游荒漠区指数值下降0.14,生态安全状况在预警区间持续下降。流域的生态健康综合评价指数值降低0.13,由健康状态到一般状态。农业生产力在大面积种植棉花的发展模式下得到了高速发展,但也导致农业耗水占到了年均引水量的90%,绿洲边缘地下水位埋深普遍下降了10多米等生态负效应。这表明农业的表观生产力确实提高了,但潜在的生产力下降了,生态安全格局与农业生产力的演变具有同向性,以破坏生态环境为代价而提高的农业生产力是不利于生态和农业可持续发展的。The core goal of Ecological Security is to have Eco-system Health Services and construct sustainable Ecological Landscape Security Pattern.Ecological Health Evaluation is a form for reflecting the status of Ecological Security,Costanza and the descendants think that evaluation standards of Ecosystem Health include： vigor,organizational ability,resilience,maintenance of ecosystem services,management options,the reduction of the external input,the influence of neighboring system and human health and so on,and vigor,organizational ability,resilience of which are the three most important aspect.So,based on the principle of structure and function of Ecological System,it is valuable by using Ecological Health theory for the study of Ecological System Security.Especially,at present,the evolution relationship between Ecological Security Pattern and Agricultural Productive Force has been one of the hot topics of Ecology in arid areas.After many years of large-scale water conservancy and irrigation,the amount of cultivated land increased rapidly and Agricultural productivity Force have been greatly improved in Manas River basin.But the notable economic achievements are depending on water resources highly,which occurs series of ecological and environmental problems.As we all know,the Manas River Basin is a system of mountain-Oasis-Desert（MODS） structure typically according its geographical Characteristics,so,we can divide the basin into four ecological zones to analyses the Ecological Security condition in every Ecological Zones for the past 30 years;make the research of Ecological Health Evaluation by using the amended Costanza previous model from the who river basin,and analyses the evolution relationship between Ecological Security Pattern and Agricultural Productivity Force.The Study show that：（1） for the past 30 years,the changes of the index of Ecological Security Evaluation for 4 Ecological Zones are as follows： the index of Upper-stream Mountain Area decreased 0.13,from safer range to pre-warning range

关 键 词：生态安全格局 生态类型区 玛纳斯河流域 农业生产力 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]