告身文种钩沉  

Evolution of Gaoshen

作　　者：王铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2011年第3期104-111,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学专项任务研究资助项目(03JD870003)

摘　　要：告身是古代授官时使用的一种公文,通常由中央主管衙署行文,向被授任者本人告知经皇帝批准的授官旨意,供被授任者收执,以为凭信。但在政务实践中,告身的使用又往往溢出这一范围,导致诸多非本质的应用。尽管历代中央王朝颇为重视告身的管理,还制订了系统的官告用纸格式规范,但仍弊窦丛生,如空名告身供临时填入代授、滥授、鬻卖、制伪、窜改、惜授等,尤以五代后唐时期为甚。从文种学角度来看,就同一文种演化周期的各阶段而言,告身尚属于准文种性质,但已经处于由准文种向规范文种发展的过程中。惜乎这一演化没有完成,最后让位于诰命、敕命文种。Gaoshen （告身）,as a trust authorized by the emperor and stored up by the officer,was one of ancient official documents when an officer was granted. However,in practice,Gaoshen often went beyond the scope, resulting in many nonessential applications. Although the central government placed much emphasis on the management of Gaoshen and developed a system of official formats, there were still numerous defects. For example, the blank Gaoshen might be temporarily filled with anything wanted, especially during the Later Five Dynasties and Tang Dynasty. From the perspective of record type, Gaoshen was still a would-be record type by analysizing the evolution of its various stages. Unfortunately,this evolution was not complete and finally gave way to Gaoming and Chiming record type.

关 键 词：告身 准文种 用纸规范 空名告身 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]