贵州不同海拔示范园三个苹果品种的光合特性  

Effects of Different Altitudes on Photosynthetic Characters of Three Apple Cultivars in Guizhou Province

作　　者：王瑜[1] 向青云 吴亚维[3] 乔光[1] 蔡永强[3] 杨华 文晓鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学贵州省农业生物工程重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省果树蔬菜工作站,贵阳550001 [3]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵阳550006 [4]贵州省威宁县农业局,贵州威宁553100

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第4期42-46,共5页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：贵州省科技攻关项目"贵州山区精品水果基地建设暨配套技术研究"(黔科合字NY[2006]3003)资助

摘　　要：在贵州省遵义市、长顺县及威宁县3个不同海拔示范园,对新嘎啦、富士2001及红王将3个苹果品种的光合特性进行了研究.结果表明：随着海拔的升高,3个品种的光合能力呈现出增强的趋势,相同光强下,威宁的净光合速率（Pn）最高.3个品种在不同海拔示范园的光合能力差异较大,其Pn-PAR响应曲线,除富士2001、红王将在长顺为抛物线外,均为对数函数;Pn-T响应曲线均为抛物线,最适温度在不同海拔存在一定差异,为25.4℃~30.7℃;Pn与气孔导度均呈显著相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关,与蒸腾强度在威宁达到显著相关,与相对湿度相关性不显著.高海拔的威宁对3个品种的栽培具有生态优势,而新嘎啦在3个海拔高度的光合能力强于其余二品种.To provide the ecological basis for the extension of apple cultivation in Guizhou Province,three apple cultivars,New Gala,Fuji 2001 and Benishogun,grown in Zunyi City,Changshun County and Weining County,were used as experiment materials to investigate the effects of different altitudes on the photosynthetic characters of the apple trees.The results showed that the photosynthetic capacities of the trees tended to increase with the altitude and,with similar light intensity,New Gala in Weining showed the highest photosynthetic rate（Pn,11.22±0.70 μmol/m2·s）.The response curves of Pn to PAR（photosynthetic active radiation） were logarithmic functions,with the exception of Fuji 2001 and Benishogun in Changshun（parabolic equation）.The response equations of Pn to temperature（T） were parabolic,and the optimal T varied from 25.4 ℃ to 30.7 ℃,which depended on the altitudes and cultivars.Pn was in a significant positive correlation with stomatal conductance（Sc） and in a significant negative correlation with intercellular CO2 concentration（CO2 int）.In Weining,a close relationship was observed between evaporation rate（Er） and Pn.No obvious correlation was noticed between Pn and relative humidity（Hr）.Weining showed an obvious advantageous ecological adaptability for apple photosynthesis,and New Gala demonstrated a superior Pn irrespective of altitudes.

关 键 词：苹果 贵州 海拔 光合特性 影响因子 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]