蝴蝶悬停飞行流体力学实验模型的仿生设计  

Bionic design on the fluid mechanics experimental model of butterfly hovering fly

作　　者：魏来[1] 申功炘[2] 黄烁桥[2] 郭鹏[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空精密机械研究所,北京100076 [2]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2011年第4期421-427,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(NS-FC-10772017);北航BUAA-985基金资助项目

摘　　要：由于蝴蝶形态学上的特点(翼面宽大,展弦比小,翼型复杂)以及其特殊的飞行方式(拍动频率低,翅膀几乎垂直于身体拍动;翅膀没有翻转运动,但在翅膀拍动时身体有明显的俯仰运动和振动),蝴蝶成为探索昆虫飞行高升力机理的特殊研究对象.为了深入研究蝴蝶悬停飞行时的流场和高升力机理,设计制作一套模拟蝴蝶悬停飞行的流体力学实验模型显得尤为重要.介绍一种新设计的电控蝴蝶实验模型,该模型与真实的蝴蝶一样,包含左右翅膀和身体,并且可以实现精确定位和模拟蝴蝶不同的运动模式,包括翅膀的拍动、身体的俯仰运动和振动.研究小组应用此实验模型进行流动显示实验和PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)实验,对蝴蝶的悬停飞行进行研究.As its unique morphological features（broad wings with small aspect ratio,complex wing shape）,and the distinctive kinematics（low flapping frequency,the stroke plane is nearly perpendicular to the body;no wing rotating,but obviously body pitching and oscillating as wing flapping）,butterfly fly is a special research subject in exploring insect high lift mechanisms.In order to take in-depth insight into the bio-fluid mechanics and the high lift mechanisms of butterfly hovering fly,it is necessary to design and manufacture an electromechanical model of flapping butterfly to simulate the flapping modes of the butterfly.A new designed electromechanical model of flapping butterfly which had the wings and the body just like the real butterfly was introduced.The electromechanical model can fix positions and simulate different flapping modes of the butterfly,including the wings＇ flapping and body＇s rotation and up-down-oscillating movement.So it is useable for the experiments of flow visualization and particle image velocimetry（PIV）.

关 键 词：蝴蝶 实验模型 仿生设计 悬停飞行 

分 类 号：O353.5[理学—流体力学]