以纳米纤维素晶须悬浮液为原料制备纳米硝化棉  

Preparation of Nano Cellulosenitrate Based on Cellulose Nano-whisker

作　　者：王文俊[1] 邵自强[1] 张凤侠[1] 李永红[1] 王飞俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2011年第2期73-76,共4页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

摘　　要：将精制棉在冰浴中超声波处理15 min,以H2SO4（质量分数64%）为催化剂,液固比为17.5 mL/g,在45℃下恒温搅拌1 h,制备出平均直径在15-30 nm,平均长度在150-250 nm的纳米纤维素晶须。以纳米纤维素晶须悬浮液为原料,硝酸（质量分数为92.5%）为硝化液制备出硝化纤维素。结果发现,由于纳米纤维素具有尺寸小、比表面积大、在硝酸中分散均匀等特点,与传统微米级直径的精制棉相比,其硝化速度快,极限含氮量高,在5 min时即实现了纤维素的完全硝化。Nanocellulose with average diameter of 15-30nm and length of 150-250nm was prepared by sulfuric acid（mass ratio of 64%）as catalyst,acid-to-pulp ratio of 17.5 mg/L and the cotton linter utrasonically pretreated for 15min in ice bath.The nitrocellulose was obtaind in the nanocellulose suspensions by 92.5wt% HNO3 solution.The results show that due to its tiny dimension,large specific surface and heterogeneous dispersion in nitric acid,nanocellulose had faster nitration rate and higher extreme nitrogen content compared with that of micron-dimensional cotton linter.The nanocellulose were completely nitrified within 5min.

关 键 词：材料科学 纳米纤维素 硝化棉 酸水解 精制棉 纳米材料 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ562.21[化学工程—炸药化工]