“没有了中国”：20世纪30年代中国思想界的反思  

"Without China:" Reflections on Chinese Intellectual Circles in the 1930s

作　　者：张太原[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校,北京100091

出　　处：《近代史研究》2011年第3期104-122,161,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：中共中央党校校级科研项目和国家社会科学基金项目(04CZS011)

摘　　要：20世纪30年代,许多知识人已认识到近代以来思想界一味追随西方的弊病,由是开始了反思,转而关注中国自身的实际和需要,主要表现为努力产生中国的新政治理论,提倡新教育的中国化,呼吁建设中国本位的文化。一时间,"中国化"逐渐成为流行语,强调外来之说应用于实际蔚为潮流。但是,人们对于实际、中国、本位的理解却不尽相同,此中国往往与彼中国相抵牾。相对以前的"西与西战",可以说思想界又出现了"中与中战"的局面。另一方面,人们有意识地去重塑中国,却无意识地扎进世界里不能自拔;种种"中国化"的背后仍是各式各样的"世界化"。这表明中国人陷西已深,醒然仍无以自立,整个思想界还不能对近代以来的知识和思想进行超越的系统的清理。By the 1930s,many intellectuals had realized the disadvantages of the way intellectual circles had blindly followed the West since modern times.From then on,they began to reflect on and turn their attention to China's own environment and needs.This movement manifested itself in trying to produce new political theories about China,advocating the Sinicization of modern education,and calling for the construction of a China-centric culture.For a time,the term 'Sinicization' gradually gained popularity,and insisting that foreign theories should be adapted to practical realities was in vogue.However,people understand 'practical,' 'China' and 'centric' in quite different ways,and one person's 'China' frequently conflicted with another person's 'China.' Just as once upon a time one saw 'the West fighting against the West,' we can say that there was 'China fighting against China' in intellectual circles.On the other hand,while people were consciously remolding China,they were also unconsciously plunging into the world at large and could not pull themselves back from it.Behind the various 'Sinicizations' still lurked all manner of 'globalizations.' This shows that the Chinese people had already become deeply mired in the West.Though they had awoken,they had no way to become independent.No intellectual circle was capable of carrying out a transcendent and systematic cleansing of modern knowledge and thought.

关 键 词：中国 世界教育 文化 思想 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]