中国叶围煤污菌初探  

A INVESTIGATION ON PHYLLOSPHERE SOOTY MOLDS OF CHINA

作　　者：姜广正[1] 郑是琳[1] 李荣禧 孙秀英 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学

出　　处：《微生物学报》1990年第3期201-209,共9页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

摘　　要：近年来,对以华东地区为主的29科38属42种种子植物叶围煤污菌进行了研究。其中,属于煤污菌11种:出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)、芽枝状枝孢(cladosporiumcladospolioides)、多主枝孢(Clodosporium herbarum)、大孢枝孢(Cladospotium macrocarp-um)、链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、炱壳小圆孢(Chaetasbolisia microglobulosa)、烟长壳色格孢(Fumagospora capnodioides)、阿西炱束梗孢(Leptoxyphium axillatum)、麦提多绺孢(Tripospermum mytti)、直立枝顶孢(Acremonium strictum)和灰腐质霉(Humicola grisea)。不同地区植物上煤污菌种群组合不尽相同,不同植物上的优势种也不尽相同。出芽短梗霉(Aur.pullulans)和多主枝孢(Cla.herbarum)在南北方都有分布;芽枝状枝孢(Cla.clado-sporioides)在北方更为普遍;链格孢(Alt.alternata)分布较广,麦提多绺孢(Tri.myrti)也是一些地区常见种。据相关系数及 t 值测定,出芽短梗霉(Aur.pullulans)和枝孢属(Cladosporium spp.)在青岛和泰安地区分布无明显差异,孢子在叶片上呈不均匀分布。煤污菌的生长发育常与昆虫蜜露和叶片分泌物有关。出芽短梗霉(Aur.pullulans)与枝孢属的多种(cladosportum spp.)经常同时存在,共同生活。分析结果证明,毛白杨叶片上蜜露和分泌物内有多种碳源和氮源,出芽短梗霉(Aur.pullulans)和多主枝孢(cla.herbar-um)在碳、氮源的利用上基本一致。前者的胞外多糖不能被后者所利用,后者的代谢物对前者也无作用。Within several years,29 families 38genera including 42 species of seed plant arecollected mostly in eastern district of China.Among them 11 species of sooty molds aredetermined i.e.Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium cladosporioides,C.herbarum,C.macrocarpum,Alternaria alternata,Chae-tasbolisa microglobulosa,Fumagospora capno-diodes,Leptoxyphium axillatum,Triposperm-um mytri,Acremonium stricture and Humi-cola grasea,Aureobasidium pullulans anddifferent species of Cladosporium are com-monly encountered.The distribution and species combinationof sooty molds from variant host plants andlocalities are entirely different.AlthoughAureobasidium pullulans and Cladosporiumspecies are predominat on leaves.They haveno significant correlation.Aureobasidium pullulans and Cladospo-rium herbarum often associate closely.Asproved experimently,their carbon sources andnitrogen sources requirement quiet similar.No interference between the two fungi wasfound.

关 键 词：叶围煤污菌 种群 分布 生长 营养 

分 类 号：Q939.509[生物学—微生物学]