我国能源密集型产品出口贸易的环境代价内部化:“两难”及其化解  

On Environmental Costs and their Internalization in China’s Export of Energy-intensive Goods:a Dilemma and its Resolution

作　　者：罗堃[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学阿里巴巴商学院,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《国际商务（对外经济贸易大学学报）》2011年第3期26-36,共11页INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(编号:10YJC790184);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(编号:10CGYD25YBQ);浙江省软科学研究项目(编号:2011C35042);浙江省教育厅科研项目(编号:Y200908150)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：基于我国要素比价扭曲的现实,对能源密集型产品出口贸易的环境代价及相关比较利益扭曲进行了理论分析,并从能源机会成本与环境容量资源成本两个层次构建估算体系。研究表明,我国在此类产品的出口贸易中发生了巨大的环境代价和比较利益扭曲。环境代价内部化是矫正扭曲的根本途径,但由于我国此类产品在国际市场上不具有定价权,且出口额对出口价格的弹性大多为负,此举将导致矫正扭曲与获取贸易利得的"两难"。权衡结果表明,环境代价内部化虽可实现比较利益的净增长,但这一宏观最优抉择会在微观层面遭遇阻滞,故其路径选择应对微观经济主体产生实施此类措施的内生激励,方可化解"两难",从而经济且可持续地矫正扭曲。Based on China’s reality of distortion in price ratio,this paper theoretically analyzes the environmental costs（EC） and relevant distortion in comparative advantage in the export of energy-intensive goods.It then builds up an estimation framework composed of opportunity costs of excessive energy consumption and economic costs of environmental capacity,according to which empirical results show that China is undergoing serious distortions.As the fundamental rectifying mechanism,internalization of EC,however,will hamper China’ s gains from export,due to the fact that China is not a price-maker of such goods in the world market,and that price elasticity of export value turn out to be negative.Consequently,a dilemma between rectifying distortions and maintaining gains comes into being and needs to be resolved in an economical and sustainable way.

关 键 词：能源密集型 环境代价 比较利益扭曲 内部化 两难 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]