西藏牦牛的遗传多样性及其系统进化研究  

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis in Tibetan yaks

作　　者：钟金城[1] 柴志欣[1] 姬秋梅 赵尚娟[1] 徐利娟[1] 唐懿挺[1] 张成福 信金伟 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学动物遗传育种学国家民委-教育部重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]西藏自治区农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850000

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期368-378,共11页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西藏自治区重点科研项目计划资助(20092-1)

摘　　要：通过测定西藏11个牦牛类群的mtDNA D-loop区、cytb基因、COⅢ基因的核苷酸序列以及分析核基因组的RAPD多样性,研究了西藏牦牛的遗传多样性、类群间的亲缘关系和系统进化关系.结果表明:①西藏牦牛具有丰富的遗传多样性,且具有西藏东部地区的牦牛类群遗传多样性相对较高,而西部的牦牛类群遗传多样性相对较低的趋势,显示西藏东部地区可能是家牦牛的起源地之一.西藏牦牛的这些遗传多样性是西藏牦牛业持续发展和牦牛适应外界环境变化的物质基础,也是将来培育牦牛新品种或品系的重要基因资源,应加以妥善保护并进行合理开发利用.②西藏牦牛可分为两大类,有2个母系起源.③牦牛与美洲野牛的亲缘关系比与普通牛的近,作者认为将牦牛(家牦牛和野牦牛)划分为牛亚科中一个独立属——牦牛属(Poephagus)比将牦牛作为牛属中的一个亚属或一个种更合适.To investigate the genetic diversity,clustering relationship and phylogenetic evolution of Tibetan yak,complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA control region（D-loop）,Cytb and COIII gene are analyzed in 11 Tibetan yak populations.Genetic diversity in these populations is also studied by PAPD markers.The results show that Tibetan yaks have abundant genetic diversity and the genetic diversity of Tibetan yaks in eastern area is relatively higher than that of western area,which suggests that yak originates in eastern Tibet,that Tibetan yaks can be classified into two types and have two maternal origins,ang that the analysis of molecular genetic diversity and clustering relationship shows that yak has closer relationship with Bison than cattle.The result supports the notion that yak is an independent genus： Poephagus.

关 键 词：西藏牦牛 遗传多样性 系统进化 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]