低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员血像及细胞遗传学影响  

Effect of Low-dose Ionized Radiation on Hemogram and Cytogenetics of Exposed Workers

作　　者：李全开[1] 张素英[2] 胡江[1] 

机构地区：[1]唐山市卫生监督所,河北唐山063000 [2]河北联合大学附属医院,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2011年第3期155-158,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：河北省医学科学研究重点课题(20100475)

摘　　要：目的检测与分析职业性接触低剂量电离辐射与受照人群健康指标的关系。方法运用流行病学横断面调查,检测放射场所辐射剂量、个人剂量、血象以及细胞遗传学指标。结果放射场所不同操作岗位的X射线与r射线剂量率范围为0.0497~3.346 uSv/h,合格率为100%。射线接触组的淋巴细胞计数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。射线接触组染色体畸变率及阳性检出率分别为0.16%、17.05%,而对照组阳性检出率分别为0.04%、5.1%;接触组微核率及阳性检出率分别为1.03‰、48.06%,而对照组微核率及阳性检出率分别为0.2‰、12.25%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;不同年有效剂量、累积有效剂量组染色体畸变率、微核率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;且随着个人年有效剂量、累积有效剂量水平的增高,染色体畸变率、微核率、微核阳性检出率有增高趋势。结论长期低剂量电离辐射,对淋巴细胞产生的辐射效应导致的淋巴细胞计数增加、染色体畸变率、微核率增加与放射人员个人年剂量、累积剂量密切相关。Objective To monitor the health effect of low-dose ionized radiation on occupationally exposed workers and to analyze its characteristic of cytogenetics and hemogram.Methods Cross-sectional study was used.The exposure dosages were determined by personal dosimeter,indexes of cytogenetics and hemogram were monitored.Results At different radiation exposure posts,the dose rates of X and γ rays ranged in 0.0497~3.346 uSv / h,rate of compliance was 100%.The lymphocytes counts of exposed group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P0.05）.The rates of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei of exposed group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P0.01）.In effective doses of different years and accumulated effective dose group,the rates of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were significantly higher than those of the control group（P0.01）.There was an increasing tendency in the rates of chromosome aberration and micronucleus and micronucleus positive detecting rate as the individual effective dose or accumulated effective dose increased.Conclusions The increase in chromosome aberration and micronucleus rates and lymphocytes count caused by long-term low-dose ionized radiation exposure is significantly correlated to the individual cumulated effective radiation dosages.

关 键 词：低剂量电离辐射 血象 染色体畸变 微核 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：R122.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]