戏剧艺术的发生及其现代多元之路——从人类自我主体心理动因视角的考察  

Generating of Drama Art and its Multi-Dimensional Way to Modernity: Viewed from Human's Subject Psychodynamics

作　　者：楚小庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省文化艺术研究院,江苏南京210005

出　　处：《艺术百家》2011年第3期101-110,共10页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：国家"985工程"三期"跨文化与全球化研究"重大项目阶段性成果;国家"211工程"三期"艺术学理论创新与应用研究"重大项目阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：本文从人类自我艺术主体心理动因的视角出发,对戏剧艺术的产生、兴起、发展延续以及现当代戏剧艺术风格的变化与社会文化心理影响下戏剧艺术的未来走向作了史论方面的探讨,认为人类主体心理需求是戏剧艺术形态发展变化的内在决定力量。本文认为,人类创造艺术基于心理的需要、源于受到压制的欲望和情绪,心理内容是人脑对客观现实的反映,而原始自我的分离与社会自我的分离是"佯装"与"扮演"的前提条件。自戏剧诞生以来,其自身发展中始终占主导地位的是"客体结构"的戏剧美学观;而"主体静观"的戏剧美学观,源于20世纪心理学的蓬勃发展和战后存在主义哲学的盛行,在不足百年间已与前者平分秋色。相对于条理清晰、特征鲜明的古希腊罗马戏剧、人文主义戏剧、古典主义戏剧、浪漫主义戏剧和现实主义戏剧艺术风格,后现代戏剧形成了一个庞杂的存在,对后现代戏剧的艺术思想和美学的文化特征进行描述也是十分困难的。当代戏剧界多元、多变、多维审美以及自觉寻求"自由"、"平等"的纷繁复杂状态,和艺术的发生与人类争取自由意志以及肯定自我人格的社会文化心理有着必然的联系。艺术发展的主推力是人类对于自由人格的无限追求。由此,人类同一切包括自然的、社会的等等限制自身自由的力量的斗争,成就了艺术作品的先天性的本质。人类历史上不朽的艺术精品,莫不高扬着伟大的自由人性。这些自然构成了文艺创作的本质内容,同时也在继续推动着当代社会发展中的文化自觉。戏剧艺术的发展之路,基础于人类争取自由意志和肯定自我人格的社会文化心理。这些一起,又在共同塑造着不朽艺术作品的伟大文化品格。艺术萌生于人类的自由意志之上,艺术未来发展所承担的必然也是为人类寻求更高的意志自由的历史使命。Viewed from subject psychodynamics, the present article explores the generating, evolvement, prosperity of drama art, then expounds the style transmutation of contemporary drama, and discusses a future vision of drama art influenced by social cultural psychology. The present article proposes that art creation is based upon psychological needs and suppressed desire and moods. Psychological content is a reflection of objective reality. Dissociation between original self and social self is a premise of ＂pretending＂ and ＂ role - playing＂. Since drama comes into being, ＂ objective structure＂ aesthetics of drama has been playing a significant role in its development, typical representatives listed are melodrama, slapstick, social drama, and character drama. The multi -dimensional and diverse situation of contemporary drama, and its conscious pursuit of ＂ freedom＂ and ＂ equality＂ , necessarily relates to a social cultural psychology of human＇s striving for free will and affirmation of.self - personality. Impetus for art development is a forever pursuit for free will. Therefore, human＇s fighting against any restriction of nature and society, creates the inborn essence of art. Almost all artistic masterpieces uplift a flag of free humanity which naturally constructs an essential content of artworks and continues to promote a cultural consciousness in contemporary society. The generating and devel- opment of dram art and its multi - dimensional way to modernity are established upon such pursuit, which together forms a great cultural excellence of artworks. Art germinates from human＇s free will and it necessarily will take pursuing a more profound free will as its great mission.

关 键 词：戏剧艺术 戏剧美学 艺术发生 心理动因 现当代戏剧 多元发展 文化特征 审美 文化品格 

分 类 号：J80-05[艺术—戏剧戏曲]