真菌在陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用  

THE ROLE OF FUNGI IN CARBON CYCLING IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM

作　　者：连宾[1] 侯卫国[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地质微生物实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2011年第3期491-497,共7页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40773069)和国家自然科学基金委创优群体项目(批准号:40721002)资助

摘　　要：近年来,全球变暖趋势越来越明显,大气CO_2浓度不断升高被认为是引起全球气候变化的主要原因之一。大气CO_2来源主要有海洋释放、土壤呼吸、化石燃料燃烧、动植物呼吸和植被破坏等;而大气CO_2的归宿被认为主要有海洋吸收和植物光合作用等。全球陆地生态系统中的碳有2126 Pg,其中46%储存在森林中。土壤真菌占地下总微生物量的81%～95%,在植物—土壤—大气碳循环中起重要作用,但一直没有受到应有的关注。本文主要从以下几个方面综述真菌在陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用:菌根真菌可通过提高植物对矿质营养的吸收促进植物光合作用;菌根真菌将大量的光合作用产物向地下输送;真菌通过呼吸作用消耗有机碳,释放CO_2;真菌还可以通过诱导形成碳酸盐颗粒或风化碳酸盐岩来调节大气CO_2的浓度。深入了解真菌在陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用对进一步理解生物对全球碳循环的调节机制和保护喀斯特生态环境具有重要意义。The average temperature has risen obviously for the past 30 years. Accordingly, the atmospheric CO2 concentration went up sharply for the same time period. So, it was deemed that the unceasingly rise of atmospheric CO2 is the most important reason of global warming and the increase of CO2 released by human activities has broken the equilibrium of atmospheric CO2 sink and source. Global carbon cycling has become a hot-topic around the world since the last century. The sources of atmospheric CO2 include ocean, soil respiration,fossil fuel burning, animal and plant respiration, destruction of vegetation and so on. Atmospheric CO2 also can be chemically uptaken by ocean and carbonate dissolution, and fixed by photosythetic pathway and carbonate formation. The forest ecosystem contains 46% biomass in global terrestrial ecosystem. Soil fungi, which consist of most of the soil microoranisms （81% -95% biomass）, play an important role in the carbon cycling of plant-soil-atmosphere by many aspects, but their importance in carbon cycling hasn＇t received enough attentions. The roles of fungi in carbon cycling were summarized as follows： the mycorrhizal fungi can facilitate photosythesis by improving plant mineral nutrition uptake ; the mycorrhizal fungi can transport great amounts of organic carbon to underground ; fungi consume organic carbon and release CO2; fungal formation or weathering of carbonate will lead to uptake or release of CO2. This paper will further elucidate the role of fungi in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystem. Three measures are suggested in this article to increase belowground carbon sink. Firstly, mycorrhizal fungi, which will improve the tree survival chance and transfer organic carbon to ground, can be more and more used in reforestation. Secondly, environmental protection should be reinforced to avoid carbonate weathering in karst area in South West China, where the ecosystem is fragile. Thirdly, sustainable development should be taken into account during exploration of resources in kar

关 键 词：真菌 陆地生态系统 碳循环 喀斯特 

分 类 号：P593[天文地球—地球化学]