地形因子对粤北山地森林不同生长型地表植物分布格局的影响  

Effects of topographic factors on the distribution patterns of ground plants with different growth forms in montane forests in North Guangdong,China

作　　者：区余端[1] 苏志尧[1] 李镇魁[1] 林义辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学院,广州510642 [2]广东省生态公益林管理中心,广州510173

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第5期1107-1113,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2008A020100013);广东省财政专项"森林生态科技研究和推广"资助

摘　　要：利用典范对应分析(CCA)方法研究了小地形变化对广东省车八岭国家级自然保护区山地常绿阔叶林不同生长型地表植物分布格局的影响.结果表明:坡向、坡度和坡位3个地形因子的综合作用对4种生长型地表植物(蕨类、木质藤本、草本和灌木)的分布格局均有显著影响.其中,坡向对4种生长型地表植物分布格局的影响均显著,坡度对灌木分布格局的影响显著,坡位对4种生长型地表植物分布格局的影响均不显著.从阴坡到半阴坡再到半阳坡,4种生长型地表植物的总个体数均逐渐减小,表明阴性植物在亚热带山地常绿阔叶林地表植物中占优势.大部分灌木属于阴性植物,其丰富度和多样性随坡向的变化趋势与总个体数一致.灌木对坡度的变化较敏感,在缓坡上数量较多.丘陵低山的坡位变化范围不大,对地表植物分布的影响不显著.在林分尺度上,地形因子在水平方向(坡向)上对地表植物分布格局的影响比垂直方向(坡度和坡位)大,反映出坡向是亚热带山地森林中影响水热条件的主要因子.By using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）,this paper studied the effects of small-scale topographic changes on the distribution patterns of ground plants with different growth forms in the montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Chebaling National Nature Reserve of North Guangdong,China.It was observed that slope aspect,slope grade,and slope position had significantly integrative effects on the distribution patterns of four growth form ground plants （fern,liana,herb,and shrub）.Slope aspect had significant effects on the distribution patterns of all four ground plants but slope position didn＇t have,whereas slope grade only affected the distribution pattern of shrub significantly.From shady slope to semi-shady slope,and to semi-sunny slope,the abundance of the four growth form ground plants decreased gradually,indicating that shade plants were dominant in the ground vegetation of subtropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest.Most shrubs were shade-tolerant species,and their change patterns of richness and diversity with slope aspect were the same as the change pattern of abundance.Shrubs were sensitive to the change of slope grade,and richer on gentle slopes.In hilly and low mountains,slope position changed little,and had less effects on the distribution patterns of ground plants.At stand-level,horizontal topographic factor （slope grade aspect） had much greater effects on the distribution patterns of ground plants,as compared with vertical topographic factors （slope grade and slope position）,which suggested that slope aspect was the major factor affecting the water and heat conditions in subtropical montane forest.

关 键 词：分布格局 生长型 地形 山地森林 典范对应分析(CCA) 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]