梯级开发对河流生态系统和景观影响研究进展  

Impacts of hydroelectric cascade exploitation on river ecosystem and landscape:A review

作　　者：杨昆[1] 邓熙[1] 李学灵[1] 闻平[1] 

机构地区：[1]水利部珠江水资源保护科学研究所,广州510611

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第5期1359-1367,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：水利公益性行业科研专项(201001022)资助

摘　　要：作为水资源和水能开发利用的主要方式,河流梯级开发在满足国民经济各部门对河流水资源开发的要求和推动流域社会经济持续发展的同时,也对整个流域生态系统产生了不可避免的人为影响.本文根据河流梯级开发的过程和流域生态系统的特征,分别综述了梯级开发对坝址区生态系统、流域库区小气候、河岸带生态系统、水生态系统、河流湿地和流域景观生态的主要影响,并提出了研究展望,如加强梯级开发对各生态因子影响后的连锁反应和累积效应研究;在水库群运行和联合调度时期,应加强正负生态效应综合影响作用的研究以及不同时空尺度条件下对流域生态系统演替发展和稳定等方面的研究.Hydroelectric cascade exploitation,one of the major ways for exploiting water resources and developing hydropower,not only satisfies the needs of various national economic sectors,but also promotes the socio-economic sustainable development of river basin.However,it exerts unavoidable anthropogenic impacts on the entire basin ecosystem.Based on the process of hydroelectric cascade exploitation and the ecological characteristics of river basins,this paper reviewed the major impacts of hydroelectric cascade exploitation on dam-area ecosystems,river reservoirs micro-climate,riparian ecosystems,river aquatic ecosystems,wetlands,and river landscapes.Some prospects for future research were offered,e.g.,strengthening the research of chain reactions and cumulative effects of ecological factors affected by hydroelectric cascade exploitation,intensifying the study of positive and negative ecological effects under the dam networks and their joint operations,and improving the research of successional development and stability of basin ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales.

关 键 词：梯级开发 河流生态系统 景观 生态影响 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]