小麦季磷肥施用对后作玉米的效果及土壤中无机磷形态转化的影响  

Residual Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer Applied to Winter Wheat on Following Maize and Transformation of Phosphate Fractions in Soil

作　　者：林国林[1] 云鹏[1,2] 陈磊[2] 高翔[2] 张金涛[2] 卢昌艾[2] 刘荣乐[2] 汪洪[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第3期676-680,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助课题(2007CB109302);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)课题(2008AA06Z307)资助

摘　　要：在河北衡水潮土上进行田间试验,研究小麦/玉米轮作体系下,小麦季施用磷肥对玉米的后效及土壤中无机磷形态转化的影响。结果表明,与高施磷量(187.5 kg hm-2 P2O5)相比,小麦季磷肥施用量减少20%或40%,甚至当年不施磷,对后作玉米籽粒产量、生物量、植株吸磷量均无明显影响。从玉米苗期到成熟期,土壤中各形态无机磷下降幅度表现为Ca2-P最大,其次是Ca8-P,再次为Al-P。随着施磷量的减少,土壤Olsen-P、Ca2-P含量开始呈现下降趋势。与单施无机磷肥150.0 kg hm-2 P2O5相比,用有机肥猪粪磷替代其中20%无机磷肥,显著提高了土壤Olsen-P、Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量。本文结论认为在高肥力的华北地区小麦/玉米一个轮作周期中,小麦季减少磷肥用量,对后作玉米生长和产量尚未产生明显的影响。适当配施猪粪,减少无机磷肥,可以提高土壤中的Olsen-P和Ca2-P含量,较好地维持玉米季土壤中磷素肥力水平。A field experiment was conducted on aquic inceptisol of Hengshui in Hebei province. The objective was to investigate the residual effects of phosphate fertilizer applied to winter wheat on yield and P uptake of following crop maize, and transformation of inorganic phosphorus fractions in soil. The results showed that in comparison to conventional P rate （187.5 kg hm^-2 P205）, reducing phosphate application rates by 20% or 40% in wheat season, even without phosphate application, did not significantly affect biomass and P accumulation of maize plants. The most decrease among various inorganic phosphorus forms during maize growth season was Ca2-P, next was CarP followed by Al-P. The content of Olsen-P and Ca2-P decreased with reducing P fertilizer rates. Inorganic P fertilization together with pig manure （20% P205 as pig manure and 80% P205 as inorganic P fertilizer） increased the content of Olsen-P, Ca2-P, Ca2-P in soil compared with inorganic P fertilizer treatments （150.0 kg hm^-2 P2O5）. It was concluded that under the condition of high soil fertility in the rotation system of winter wheat and summer maize in North China, reducing rate of inorganic P fertilizer to wheat did not significantly affect the production of following crop maize. With an appropriate rate of pig manure addition when reducing inorganic phosphate fertilizer, the level of soil available P could be increased to meet the demand of following crop growth.

关 键 词：玉米 磷肥 后效 磷素转化 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]