中国近海生态系统碳循环与生物固碳  

Carbon cycling processes and carbon fixed by organisms in China marginal seas

作　　者：宋金明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2011年第3期703-711,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2010CB951802);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项课题(XDA05030402)

摘　　要：本文系统总结了近几年来中国近海海-气界面碳通量及控制因素、近海碳循环的关键过程以及近海生物固碳强度的研究进展，提出了中国近海渔业碳汇过程研究应关注的主要科学问题。近海海一气界面碳通量过程、生物泵过程、颗粒物沉降与释放以及捕捞／养殖碳转移过程是中国近海生态系统碳循环的主要控制过程。中国近海在总体上是大气二氧化碳的汇，年吸收3000万～5000万t碳，但在部分浅海海域如胶州湾、长江口等是大气二氧化碳的源；中国近海浮游植物的年固碳量可达6．39亿t，春季和夏季浮游植物固碳占全年的65．3％。南海浮游植物固碳达4．16亿t，为渤海、黄海和东海的2倍。渔业捕捞与海水养殖可明显增加海洋碳汇，仅就近几年大型藻养殖而言，每年可多固定40万t碳，如果每年的养殖量增加5％，到2020年大型藻养殖可固定碳93万t／年，所以，为增加渔业捕捞与海水养殖碳汇，必须加强揭示渔业碳汇海域生态环境、建立渔业碳增汇强度评估方法以及明确渔业资源利用碳再生循环周期等研究。In the paper, carbon cycling processes and carbon fixed by organisms in China marginal seas are reviewed. The carbon cycling processes include CO2 fluxes between atmosphere and seawater, carbon biological pump process, carbon sink/release in particulates and carbon transfer in fishing/culture. China marginal sea is a sink area of CO2 in the air, but some coastal parts are source areas such as the Jiaozhou Bay and the Changjiang estuary. The mean annual sink strength of atmospheric CO2 in China marginal seas is about 30 million ton carbon per year. The source/sink strength is controlled by sea surface temperature（SST）, phytoplankton production and seawater mixing process in different sea-regions and seasons. The amount of fixed carbon by phytoplankton is about 6.39x 108 t/a in China marginal seas, in which 65.3% carbon is fixed in spring and summer. The carbon fixation ability of the South China Sea is about 4.16× 10^8 t/a, which is double of that in Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Fishing and culture can increase carbon sink strength. In recent years, the yield of large-size economic seaweeds in China marginal seas is about 1.20-1.50 x 10^6 t/a, so their fixed carbon is about 4.0 × 10^5 t/a. If the seaweed yield amount increase by 5% every year in China marginal seas, carbon fixed amount of the large-sized economic seaweeds may reach to 9.3 × 10^5 t/a up to 2020. Therefore, algae breeding is an important technique for increasing marine carbon sink with multi-values. To reveal the fishing/culture eco-environment, establish the method for grading the carbon sink of fishing/culture and study the recycling period of fishing/culture carbon sink are very important in the future.

关 键 词：碳循环过程 浮游植物 固碳 渔业捕捞与海水养殖碳汇 中国近海 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F326[经济管理—产业经济]