结肠癌相关miRNA的转化机制  

Colon cancer-related microRNAs:implications for translational research

作　　者：尹少朋[1] 徐峰[1] 庞智[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属苏州医院消化内科,江苏省苏州市215008 [2]江苏省苏州市消化系疾病与营养研究中心,江苏省苏州市215008

出　　处：《世界华人消化杂志》2011年第11期1101-1108,共8页World Chinese Journal of Digestology

摘　　要：结肠癌的发生是多阶段、多步骤的病变过程,是从良性息肉-浸润性腺癌-癌远处转移的演变过程.这些病理变化与编码蛋白质的原癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的异常激活或失活有关.但最近关于微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNAs)的研究改变了我们对非编码蛋白质基因在肿瘤发生中的作用的理解.在结肠癌组织中多种miRNAs的表达水平不同,这些miRNAs通过细胞内信号网络的相互作用改变细胞的增殖、凋亡和转移过程.在临床应用中,从血液或粪便中分离出来的miRNAs可作为早期诊断结肠癌的生物标志物,miRNAs结合位点的多态性与结肠癌的发病风险相关,miRNAs表达水平的改变或miRNAs相关基因的多态性与患者的生存率和治疗效果相关.随着RNA传递技术的发展和对结肠癌中miRNAs调节异常的进一步研究将会产生以miRNAs为基础的新一代诊治方法.本文主要综述了结肠癌相关miRNAs的转化医学研究进展.Colon carcinogenesis is a stepwise progression from polyps to adenocarcinomas and distant metastasis.These pathologic changes are contributed by aberrant activation or inactivation of protein-coding proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.However,recent discoveries in microRNA research have reshaped our understanding of the role of non-protein-coding genes in carcinogenesis.In this regard,a remarkable number of microRNAs exhibit differential expression in colon cancer tissues.These microRNAs alter cell proliferation,apoptosis and metastasis through their interactions with intracellular signaling networks.From a clinical perspective,polymorphisms within microRNA-binding sites are associated with the risk for colon cancer while microRNAs isolated from feces or blood may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis.Altered expression of microRNAs or polymorphisms in microRNA-related genes have also been shown to correlate with patient survival or treatment outcome.Further insights into microRNA dysregulation in colon cancer and the advancement of RNA delivery technology will make it very likely to develop novel microRNA-based therapeutics.

关 键 词：结肠癌 微小RNA 转化医学 诊断 预后 

分 类 号：R735.35[医药卫生—肿瘤]