万有引力常数G的精确测量  

Precise determination of Newtonian gravitational constant G

作　　者：涂良成[1] 黎卿[1] 邵成刚[1] 胡忠坤[1] 罗俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学物理学院基本物理量测量教育部重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2011年第6期691-705,共15页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2010CB832801);国家自然科学基金(批准号:10927505和10805021)资助项目

摘　　要：万有引力常数G是一个与理论物理、天体物理和地球物理等密切相关的物理学基本常数,它的精确测量在引力实验乃至整个实验物理学中占据着特殊地位.尽管两个多世纪以来科学家们为此竭尽全力,但G的测量精度仍然是物理学基本常数中最差的.我们在简要综述万有引力常数G的测量历史的基础上,介绍了目前实验室测量万有引力常数G的现状和国际上在这一领域的研究进展.As one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature,the Newtonian gravitational constant G plays a unique role in the fields of the theoretical physics,geophysics,astrophysics,and astronomy.A large number of experiments have been carried out with many strenuous efforts during the past two centuries,but the accuracy of the absolute value of G is still the worst one in all fundamental physical constants,improved in accuracy by only about one order of magnitude per century.The reasons for this slow rate of progress are well known：the gravitational force is by far the weakest of the four fundamental forces and cannot be screened out,and G is no known,confirmed dependence on any other fundamental constant.Based on a simple review of the historical determination of G,this paper will present the current status and progress on measuring G in the laboratory experiments.

关 键 词：万有引力 引力常数G CODATA 精密扭秤 扭秤周期法 

分 类 号：O314[理学—一般力学与力学基础]