不同类型人工湿地微生物群落的研究进展  

A review on soil microbial community in different type constructed wetlands

作　　者：周元清[1,2] 李秀珍[1] 李淑英[2] 唐莹莹[1] 辛在军[1] 贾悦[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062 [2]玉溪师范学院资源环境学院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第6期1251-1257,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(20100470768);河口海岸学国家重点实验室科研业务课题(2010RCDW08和2008KYYW07);云南省自然科学基金项目(2008ZC161M)资助

摘　　要：微生物是人工湿地不可缺少的成员,对湿地生态系统中物质转化、能量流动起着重要作用。本文从人工湿地微生物群落的研究方法、微生物群落结构与组成、微生物群落调节作用与环境因素的关系等方面,综述了人工湿地微生物的研究进展。各种新颖的分子生物学方法已经成为研究人工湿地的微生物多样性的有力工具,其中最常见的是变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和寡核苷酸荧光探针原位杂交(FISH);人工湿地微生物群落的调节作用主要取决于湿地的水文条件、废水的特点(包括组成成分,污染物的特点和利用性)、湿地的过滤材料或土壤类型、植物和各种环境因素;不同人工湿地类型的微生物群落组成,从多到少依次是变形菌、噬纤维菌-黄杆菌菌群、放线菌和厚壁菌。如何进一步加深对氮循环相关微生物多样性的研究,提高废水中氮的去除效率依然是未来人工湿地技术需要解决的重要问题之一。As an indispensable part of constructed wetland,soil microbes play an important role in the material transformation and energy flow in the wetland ecosystem.This paper reviewed the research progress in the detection methods of soil microbial community,its structure and composition,and relationships of soil microbial regulation effect with environmental parameters in different type constructed wetlands.Various kinds of novel molecular biological methods have proved to be useful tools for exploring soil microbial diversity in constructed wetland,among which,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） were the most frequently applied methods.The regulation effect of soil microbial community in constructed wetland mainly depended on wetland hydraulic condition,wastewater property （constituent composition,and pollutants characteristics and availability）,filter material or soil type,plant,and various environmental factors.The species-specific composition of soil microbial community in different type constructed wetlands was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria,followed by the members of phylums Proteobacteria,Cytophaga-Flavobacterium,Actinobacteria,and Firmicutes.How to further improve the researches on the diversity of soil microbes involving in nitrogen cycle and to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen from wastewater would be one of the key issues for further development of constructed wetland technology.

关 键 词：微生物群落 微生物活性 微生物数量 人工湿地 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]