对纳粹暴政与德意志历史最早的反思--德国流亡社会科学家与纳粹主义研究  

The Earliest Reflection on the Nazi Tyranny and the German History——The Exiled German Social Scientists and Nazi Research

作　　者：李工真[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院教授,武汉430072

出　　处：《世界历史》2011年第3期55-65,158-159,共11页World History

摘　　要：德意志人对纳粹暴政以及德意志历史的反思并非始于第二次世界大战结束之后,而是早自1933年就开始了。只不过,它不是由当时生活在德国境内的德意志人,而是由一批逃出德国、流亡国外的德意志人开始的。美国高校接纳的德国流亡哲学家、政治学家、社会学家、经济学家和历史学家们最早开始了反思。这场反思不仅影响了西方政治理论的发展,更为重要的是,它还影响了战后美国对德国的占领政策和"民主化"的改造行动、联邦德国的经济重建以及德意志社会对自身历史的深刻反思。战后德意志社会的这场全面深刻的反思,正是在流亡美国的德国知识精英们所构筑的思想平台上进行的。The reflection of the German on the Nazi tyranny and German history did not begin after the Second World War,but after the year 1933.However,it was the Germans who fled from the motherland and went into exile abroad but not the Germans who lived in Germany that began to do it.The philosophers,political scientists,sociologists,economists and historians exiled from Germany and accepted by the universities of the U.S.were the first to start the reflection.It influenced not only the development of the political theory in the West World,but more importantly the occupation policy and the democratization reform of Germany by the U.S.,the economic recovery of Federal Republic of Germany and the in-depth reflection of the Germans on their own history after the Second World War.This in-depth reflection of the German society was completed on the ideological platform constructed by the exiled German intellectuals in the U.S.

关 键 词：反思 纳粹暴政 德意志历史 自由放任主义 

分 类 号：B516.54[哲学宗教—外国哲学]