鸭稻共作对水稻植株生长性状与产量性状的影响  

Influence of Rice-Duck Integrated Farming on Rice Growth and Yield Characteristics

作　　者：章家恩[1,2,3] 许荣宝[1,2,3] 全国明[1,2,3] 赵本良[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点开放实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第6期1053-1059,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重大基础研究(973)计划项目(编号:2006CB100206;2011CB100406);国家科技星火计划项目(编号:2006EA780011);教育部博士点专项基金(编号:20050564005);广东省科技攻关项目(编号:2004B20101017);广东省自然科学基金(编号:06105467);广州市科技星火计划项目(编号:2002C12E0021)

摘　　要：本研究通过大田小区对比实验,探讨了鸭稻共作对水稻植株生长性状与产量性状的影响效果。研究结果表明,鸭稻共作在一定程度上降低了水稻植株的高度和水稻地上部的生物量,但增大了水稻地下部的生物量和根冠比,有利于水稻地下部根系的发育,并在一定程度上增强了水稻的抗倒伏能力;同时,鸭稻共作能提高水稻中后期叶片的叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量以及叶绿素a/b值,可防止水稻在后期的过早枯黄与衰败,从而增强水稻叶片光合作用的性能及其持续时间;鸭稻共作还能够促进水稻的有效分蘖,增加水稻的有效穗数和成穗率,减少空(秕)粒数,提高水稻的实粒数和结实率,从而有利于水稻产量的形成。这些研究结果可为鸭稻共作生态技术的生产实践与示范推广提供理论依据。Rice-duck integrated farming is a good ecological agricultural mode which has been widely used in China, Japan, and some Southeast Asia countries or areas recently. It was reported that activities of ducks in the paddy field could bring some positive effects on rice growth, but so far a lot of studies in this area seem to be limited in providing only descriptive findings. In this paper, the influence of the rice-duck integrated farming on rice growth and yield characteristics was quantitatively studied and determined using a set of field plot experiments in Guangdong Province, southem China. Results show that the rice-duck integrated farming could decrease rice height and shoot biomass, but essentially increase its root biomass and the ratio of the root mass to the shoot mass. It is indicated that this kind of farming system would improve the lodging resistance of rice to a certain extent, which is important and helpful for rice production, especially in southem China with more storms. Moreover, the rice-duck integrated farming could raise the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and the ratio of chlorophyll a/b, this would help improve rice photosynthesis capacity and biomass formation, and prevent rice leaves from becoming withered and yellow too early during the whole growth period. The rice-duck integrated farming could enhance effective tillering number of rice and depress ineffective tillering process, and increase rice panicle number and its percentage and seed setting rate. This would help improve rice yield. These positive effects mentioned above would possibly be related to the specified water and nutrient management of the rice-duck integrated farming system, and various and frequent activities of ducks including foraging, muddying, trampling, striking, and physical stimulation of ducks to rice in the paddy field. It is also implied that the physical stimulation of ducks would be one of the major reasons for influencing rice growth and yield characteristics. However, little is known about this

关 键 词：鸭稻共作 生长性状 产量性状 叶绿素含量 根冠比 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]