若尔盖高原土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响  

Impacts ofland use and cover changes on ecosystem service value in Zoige Plateau

作　　者：李晋昌[1] 王文丽[2] 胡光印[3] 魏振海[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原030006 [2]中国地震局兰州地震研究所,兰州730000 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第12期3451-3459,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院西部之光博士项目;国家自然科学基金重点项目(40638038)

摘　　要：运用G IS和遥感技术分析了若尔盖高原1990年、2000年和2005年的土地利用/覆盖特征,在此基础上,使用生态价值系数(C)计算出该区生态系统服务价值,并使用敏感性指数(CS)对所选的C值进行验证。结果表明,该区域1990—2005年间,高覆盖度草地、湿地和林地面积呈持续减少趋势,建设用地、荒漠、中覆盖度草地和耕地面积及土地利用综合程度呈持续增加趋势;生态系统服务价值从603.10×108元减少到586.07×108元,共损失17.03×108元,且损失量和损失幅度呈加速增加趋势;该区域生态系统服务价值中,废物处理价值最高,水源涵养价值次之,食物生产价值最低,且各服务类型的价值均呈持续减小趋势;若尔盖高原1990和2005年人均生态系统服务价值分别为38.93万元和27.03万元,表明若尔盖高原由于人口增长和土地退化,环境压力呈明显增大趋势。湿地和草地退化是导致该区域生态系统服务价值减少的主要原因,尤其是湿地退化。CS检验说明本文所选C值较为合理。Climate change and human activities in high-altitude, cold pasture areas with a fragile environment can cause land use changes that significantly affects ecosystem services and functions. Our study investigated changes in ecosystem services in response to land use change caused mainly by climate change and human activities in the Zoige Plateau, a region in the eastern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau with large areas of grassland and wetland. The objectives of our study were （ 1 ） to assign specific value coefficients for ecosystem services in the Zoige Plateau and determine whether these coefficient could be used to evaluate changes in ecosystem services in the study area; （2） to estimate changes in the ecosystem services value （ESV） resulting from land use changes caused by climate change and changing human activities; and （3） to provide information and advice to support regional sustainable development policies. We used remote sensing to evaluate land use changes, and then applied a fast method for evaluating ESV in 1990, 2000, and 2005. During the study period, the decrease in area and percentage of cover was greatest for high-cover grassland, followed by wetlands. The largest increase in area was for moderate-cover grassland, followed by low-cover grassland; the rate of increase was greatest for construction land, followed low-cover grassland. Among the nine land use categories, high-cover grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands showed a continuous decrease, but only the wetlands showed an accelerating rate of decrease. The total ESV dropped from 603.10xl0^8 yuan in 1990 to 586.07×l0^8 yuan in 2005, exhibiting an accelerated rate of decrease, mainly due to the degradation of wetlands and, to a lesser extent, high-cover grassland. Although the ESV of some land uses increased, these increases were too small to offset the decreases. Because wetlands had the highest value coefficient and covered a largearea, the ESV of wetlands was the highest of the nine land use categories, accounting for about 48% o

关 键 词：土地利用/覆盖变化 生态系统服务价值 环境压力 若尔盖高原 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]