词义的历时演变与对外汉语词汇教学——以“恐怕”为例  

The Diachronic Evolution of Lexical Meaning and TCFL Vocabulary Teaching——Take"Kongpa"as An Example

作　　者：刘晓颖[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875 [2]河北大学国际交流与教育学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第3期61-64,共4页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：两个表示害怕的同义语素"恐"和"怕"构成"恐怕"一词,在现代汉语中却很少用作表害怕恐惧义的动词,更多地是用为表揣度推测的情态副词,似乎因丧失了原义而造成留学生误用,文章对此进行了探讨,结论是"恐怕"表揣测的副词义是由表担心的动词义发展而来的,而表担心的动词义与表恐惧的动词义分属为两个同形词。现代汉语中很多词语的意义是与其历时发展分不开的,对外汉语词汇教学要注意结合词义的共时特点和历时演变,以此来达到最佳的教学效果。Two synonymous Chinese monemes ＂Kong＂and＂Pa＂ which means ＂afraid＂ make up One word ＂Kongpa＂. In modern Chinese, the word is seldom used verbally to show the meaning of ＂fear＂. On the contrary, it is more often used as a modal verb to show ＂estimation＂ or ＂speculation＂, which seems to lose its original meaning, and so it is always misused by foreign students. One conclusion is arrived after approaching the subject--the adverbial meaning of ＂speculation＂ of ＂Kongpa＂ just comes from the verbal meaning of ＂worry＂ ; while the （＇erbal meaning of ＂fear＂ and the verbal meaning of ＂worry＂ respectively belong to two homographs. In modern Chinese, the meanings of many words can＇t be separated from the historical development. Thus, in TCFL vocabulary teaching, synchronic features of lexieal meaning and historical development should be combined to achieve the best teaching effect.

关 键 词：对外汉语词汇教学 词义演变 恐怕 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]