耕作方式、播深及覆土对机播套作小麦麦苗素质的影响  

Effect of tillage managements,sowing depth and soil-covering on the seedlings quality of mechanical sowing wheat under intercropping condition

作　　者：郑亭[1] 樊高琼[1] 王秀芳[1] 吴中伟[1] 杨文钰[1] 毛树明[2] 孙万军[2] 宋宗奇[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,雅安625014 [2]仁寿县农业局,仁寿620500

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第5期164-168,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：四川省教育厅青年基金项目-套作小麦机械化栽培技术及机理研究(08ZB032);四川主要粮食作物丰产高效技术集成研究与示范(2006BAD02A05);突破性作物新品种高产高效栽培技术研究(2006YZGG-28)

摘　　要：为了探索提高丘区套作小麦机播质量的农艺措施,本试验分别在翻耕和免耕条件下,设置了播深(2,5,8cm)、覆土(不覆土为对照)处理对麦苗素质的影响。结果表明,3种措施中播深对麦苗素质影响最大,5cm播深利于培育壮苗,播深2cm时表现为出苗率、基本苗,根系活力、干物质质量及叶面积显著下降,而播深8cm时地中茎极显著增长导致出苗率下降,单株茎蘖数、最高苗、干物质质量及叶面积极显著降低;翻耕条件下分蘖节埋得较深,促进了植株分蘖,但地中茎加长,出苗率变低;免耕条件下植株生长量大,株高和绿叶面积增大;覆土处理单株茎蘖数、最高苗及根系活力显著提高,幼苗素质较不覆土高。因此,丘区套作小麦机播配套的农艺措施应选择"免耕+播深5cm+覆土"利于提高麦苗素质。In order to research the agricultural measures that can improve the mechanical sowing quality of intercropping wheat in hilly area,three sowing depth（2,5,8 cm） and soil-covering（no-covering was as CK） were designed to study the seedlings quality under no-tillage and tillage cultivation condition.The results indicated that the sowing depth was the most important factor,and the optimum depth was 5 cm.On the contrary,seedling number,emergence rate,root activity,dry matter and green leaf area decreased significantly with the treatment of 2 cm sowing depth.Besides,at 8 cm,the longest subcrown internode leaded to lower emergence rate,moreover,tillers number,the maximum tillers number,dry matters and green leaf area decreased highly significant by the treatment.Under tillage cultivation condition,wheat seedlings tillered strongly,according to tillering node was buried more deeply,but subcrown internode became longer and emergence rate became lower.The growth amount,plant height and green leaf area increased with the treatment of no-tillage cultivation.Tillers number,the maximum tillers number and root activity were significantly enhanced by the treatment of soil-covering.Agricultural measures of no-tillage cultivation with 5 cm sowing depth and soil-covering are recommended in hilly area.

关 键 词：农艺 耕作 植株 套作小麦 机播 播深 覆土 麦苗素质 

分 类 号：S233.72[农业科学—农业机械化工程]