出口、异质性与企业生产率——来自中国企业层面的证据  

Export,Heterogeneity,and Corporate Productivity:Evidence from Enterprises in China

作　　者：王华[1] 许和连[1] 杨晶晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院,湖南长沙410079

出　　处：《财经研究》2011年第6期36-46,共11页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(07&ZD017);国家社会科学基金项目(10BJL040);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-09-0337);湖南省研究生创新基金(CX2010B156)

摘　　要：文章基于"自我选择"效应和"出口中学"效应假说,利用中国企业面板数据,从超越对数生产函数出发,纳入出口状态变量,分别采用固定效应估计、系统广义矩估计和Olley-Pakes半参数估计法克服潜在的同步性偏差和选择偏差问题,在从微观角度充分控制企业异质性的背景下,深入考察出口行为与我国企业生产率之间的作用机理。研究发现,出口企业的生产率相对非出口企业高出20%-30%左右,我国出口贸易存在显著的"出口中学"效应;而对"自我选择"效应的检验结果警示,本土企业以低劳动力成本而非高生产率作为出口竞争优势切入全球价值链低端,转变贸易增长方式是保证中国开放经济长期可持续增长的重要保障。Under two alternative hypotheses of self-selection effect and learning-by-exporting effect, this paper introduces export status variables into a translog production function and applies fixed-effect estimation, system GMM and Olley-Pakes semi-parametric method to solve the potential problems of simultaneity bias and selection bias. Then based on the firm-level panel data after controlling the corporate heterogeneity, it examines the relationship between export behavior and corporate productivity. The empirical results indicate that the productivity of exporters is around 20%-30% higher than the one of non-exporters. Furthermore, such productivity advantages can be attributed to learning-by-exporting effect rather than self-selection effort. The study on self-selection effect shows that domestic firms enter into the lower end of global value chains by taking the advantages of low labor costs rather than high productivity, and the transformation of trade growth pattern is necessary to guarantee China＇s sustainable long-term economic growth.

关 键 词：出口 企业异质性 “自我选择”效应 “出口中学”效应 估计偏误 

分 类 号：F275.5[经济管理—企业管理]