影响汉语阅读障碍儿童文章阅读眼动特征的认知因素  

Cognitive factors related to the eye-movement indexes of children with Chinese reading disorder during reading article

作　　者：李秀红[1] 静进[1] 杨德胜[1] 王庆雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼系,中山大学预防医学研究所,广州510080

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2011年第5期350-355,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30470579);广东省医学科研基金(A2010144)

摘　　要：目的:了解汉语阅读障碍儿童认知加工特征,探讨与文章阅读时异常眼动模式的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究,以19例汉语阅读障碍(reading disorder,RD)儿童和年龄、性别、年级与之匹配的19例正常儿童为对象,用韦氏智力测验测试两组被试的认知加工特征。以汉字短文为靶标进行眼动研究,采用回归分析探讨被试阅读时的眼动指标与韦氏分测验得分的相关关系。结果:①RD儿童的知识、分类、词汇、编码四项测验得分,言语智商、全智商,言语理解因子、注意/记忆因子得分均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05);②词汇、图形拼凑、数字广度、知识四项与儿童文章阅读时的平均注视时间相关,其中图形拼凑(r=0.32)、数字广度(r=0.27)得分与其呈正相关,词汇(r=-0.32)、知识(r=-0.27)与其呈负相关;木块图、知识两个分测验与阅读时平均眼跳幅度相关,其中木块图与平均眼跳幅度呈负相关(r=-0.31),知识与其呈正相关(r=0.23)。结论:汉语阅读障碍儿童智力结构存在不平衡,其知识、分类、词汇、编码及言语理解因子及注意/记忆方面存在缺陷,知觉组织方面无明显缺陷;文章阅读时的异常眼动,可能与其知识面和语词知识广度窄密切相关。Objective： To explore cognitive processing characteristics of children with Chinese reading disorder （RD）, and the reationship to the eye-movement indexes during reading articles. Methods： In this case-controlled study, 19 children with RD and 19 school-aged children with normal reading ability as controls were recruited. The cognitive processing characteristics of the children were assessed with the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children （WlSC-CR） . The parameters of eye-movement were recorded when the children read articles, and the correlation between parameters of eye-movement and subtest scores of WISC-CR test was analyzed. Results： （1） In C-WISC tests, the RD children had lower scores than the control group in information[（8±3） vs. （10±3）], similarities[（9±2） vs. （11±3）], vocabulary[（11±2） vs. （13±3）], coding[（8±3） vs. （10 ±3） 1, verbal intelligence quotient[ （98±13） vs. （ 111±15） ], full intelligence quotient[ （97±12） vs. （ 109±16） ], verbal comprehension factor [ （ 101±14 ） vs. （ 111±13 ） ], and attention/memory factor [ （ 89± 13 ） vs. （ 102±17 ） ]. （2） The vocabulary and information scores were positively correlated with average fixation duration （r = -0. 32, r = -0. 27）, and picture arrangement and digit span were negatively correlated with average fixation duration. Block design score was negatively correlated with average saccade amplitude （ r = - 0. 31 ）, and information score was positively correlated with average saccade amplitude （r = 0. 23）. Conclusion： The children with Chinese reading disorder have deficits in the C-WISC tests, which mainly include the information, similarities, vocabulary, verbal comprehension factor, and attention/memory factor. The abnormal eye-movement model of children with Chinese RD during reading articles may be greatly related to their disabilities in the information, vocabulary.

关 键 词：阅读障碍 儿童 眼动 中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表 汉语 病例对照研究 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]